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LELAND  STANFORD  JUNIOR  UNIVERSITY  PUBLICATIONS 
UNIVERSITY  SERIES 


Fossil  Fishes  of  Diatom  Beds 
of  Lompoc,  California 


BY 

DAVID  STARR  JORDAN 

Chancellor-Emeritus  of  Stanford  University 
AND 

JAMES  ZACCHEUS  GILBERT 

Teacher  of  Zoology,  Los  Angeles  High  School 


STANFORD   UNIVERSITY,   CALIFORNIA 

PUBLISHED   BY   THE   UNIVERSITY 

FEBRUARY,    1920 


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LELAND  STANFORD  JUNIOR  UNIVERSITY  PUBLICATIONS 
UNIVERSITY  SERIES 


Fossil  Fishes  of  Diatom  Beds 
of  Lompoc,  California 


BY 

DAVID  STARR  JORDAN 

Chancellor-Emeritus  of  Stanford  University 
AND 

JAMES  ZACCHEUS  GILBERT 

Teacher  of  Zoology,  Los  Angeles  High  School 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY,   CALIFORNIA 

PUBLISHED  BY  THE   UNIVERSITY 

FEBRUARY,    1920 


THE    FOSSIL    FISHES   OF    THE   DIATOM  BEDS  OF 
LOMPOC,  CALIFORNIA 

In  a  previous  paper  (Fossil  Fishes  of  Southern  California:  Leland 
Stanford  Junior  University  Publications,  issued  September  16,  1919)  the 
present  writers  have  noted  a  number  of  new  species  of  fishes,  of  Miocene 
Age,  from  the  deposits  at  Lompoc. 

Since  that  time,  through  the  courtesy  of  Mr.  Arthur  H.  Krieger, 
director  of  the  Celite  Products  Company,  and  his  assistants,  Messrs.  Ed- 
ward J.  Porteous  and  Edward  B.  Starr,  Dr.  Gilbert  and  Dr.  Jordan  have 
successively  visited  these  deposits,  making  extensive  collections.  Still 
later,  Mr.  Willard  J.  Classen,  a  student  in  Geology  at  Stanford  University, 
through  the  kindly  interest  of  Mr.  Timothy  Hopkins,  has  spent  some  time 
there  securing  fossil  fishes  for  Stanford  University.  A  large  collection  of 
fish  has  been  obtained,  this  forming  the  basis  of  the  present  paper. 

The  Lompoc  deposit  itself  is  wholly  unique.  It  lies  in  Santa  Barbara 
County,  California,  within  an  angle  on  the  north  side  of  the  Sierra  Santa 
Ynez,  a  range  composed  mainly  of  Miocene  sandstones  and  shales.  This 
angle  or  ancient  bay  covers  about  four  square  miles.  In  this  space  a 
continuous  and  almost  uniform  mass  of  diatoms  has  been  deposited,  to 
the  maximum  depth  of  1,400  feet. 

The  erosion  of  a  stream  on  the  west  side  has  cut  this  deposit  through 
to  its  bottom  of  yellowish  sandstone.  Over  most  of  this  space,  the  diatom 
deposits  come  to  the  surface,  but  in  places  the  mass  is  overlaid  by  a 
coarse,  hard  breccia  or  conglomerate,  containing  many  bones  of  whales, 
and  occasionally  teeth  of  sharks.  On  the  extreme  west,  it  is  overlaid  by 
limestone  in  which  a  species  of  Pecten  is  very  abundant. 

In  places,  there  are  thin  layers  of  flinty  rock,  apparently  of  animal 
origin,  interstratified  with  diatoms.  At  one  horizon,  about  six  feet  above 
the  Xyne  layer  noted  below,  there  is  a  thin  stratum  of  volcanic  glass. 
Scarcely  anywhere  in  the  whole  mass  does  any  sand  or  clay  appear.  This 
shows  that  the  deposit  was  made  in  quiet  water  undisturbed  by  fresh 
water  or  rains.  It  may  be  noted  that  in  deposits  of  the  Monterey  period 
of  the  Miocene  age,  from  Monterey  to  San  Diego,  diatoms  abound,  some- 
times mixed  or  interstratified  with  sand  or  clay  as  about  Los  Angeles, 
at  other  places  forming  immense  deposits.  It  has  been  thought  that 
such  deposits  when  buried  under  later  rocks,  as  in  Kern  County  and  parts 
of  Santa  Barbara,  are  the  source  of  the  oil  found  in  these  districts.  When 
the  deposits  are  not  covered,  as  at  Lompoc,  it  is  presumed  that  the  oil 
has  all  evaporated. 


6  FOSSIL    FISHES   OF    LOMPOC 

The  probable  conditions  of  the  deposits  at  Lompoc  are  thus  indicated 
by  Dr.  Albert  Mann  of  the  Carnegie  Institution  at  Washington,  to  whom 
we  have  sent  specimens  of  material  from  various  parts  of  the  beds. 

"The  samples  of  diatom  material  received  seem  to  indicate  the  follow- 
ing facts,  unfortunately  of  small  value  for  your  fish-deposit  problem: 

"1.  Marine,  with  no  infiltration  of  fresh  or  brackish  water  forms. 

"2.  Not  plankton  material.  Diatoms  all  large  and  massive.  Heavy 
sponge-spicules  abundant;  heavy  Radiolaria  present,  though  few. 

"3.  Not  transported  a  great  distance  nor  by  swift  or  violent  currents 
to  their  present  position,  as  the  diatoms,  though  somewhat  broken  by 
pressure,  show  no  wear ;  also  as  there  is  an  absence  of  any  appreciable 
quantity  of  sand,  shells,  clay,  etc. 

"4.  Not  a  complex  of  materials  from  different  localities,  as  the  dia- 
toms, though  abundant,  are  remarkably  few  in  species,  being  chiefly 
two  species  of  COSCINODISCUS. 

"5.  Slowly  and  evenly  deposited  in  their  present  position,  with  regular 
fluctuations  in  quantity  (seasonal  ?),  resulting  in  the  mass  being  formed 
of  thin  laminated  plates,  easily  separable,  but  uniform  in  composition. 

"It  looks  to  me  as  if  my  samples  were  laid  down  in  situ,  in  some 
quiet,  shallow  marine  bay,  into  which  no  considerable  quantity  of  fresh 
water  drained.  .  .  . 

"As  to  the  oil  relationship,  I  do  not  know  a  thing.  As  you  know, 
all  sorts  of  theories,  have  been  advanced  regarding  the  contribution  of 
diatoms  to  the  so-called  mineral  oils.  But  I  had  the  good  luck  last  summer 
at  Woods  Hole  to  secure  a  perfectly  pure  gathering  of  plankton  diatoms 
of  a  single  species,  unmixed  with  a  single  Copepod,  Nematode,  or  any 
other  organism.  I  secured  a  solid  liter  of  it,  and  it  is  now  in  the  hands  of 
a  chemist  for  the  ether  extraction  of  the  oil,  which  will  be  sufficient  in 
quantity  for  the  first  accurate  analysis  of  diatom  oil.  .  . 

"The  large  amount  of  oil  laid  up  as  a  reserve  food  material  by  dia- 
toms is  certainly  significant.  I  have  found  it  making  fully  50  per  cent  of 
the  bulk,  and  I  have  never  found  it  to  be  less  than  5  per  cent." 

The  economic  use  of  these  deposits,  made  up  of  the  silicious  shells 
of  microscopic  plants,  known  as  diatoms,  is  at  present  two-fold.  The 
material  is  cut  into  bricks,  which,  being  non-conductors  of  heat,  are  used 
as  packing  about  steam-pipes  and  the  like,  and  sold  as  Sil-O-Cel.  The 
second  use  is  for  filtering  liquids.  The  silicious  shells  are  insoluble,  and 
poured  into  any  fluid,  they  carry  at  once  to  the  bottom  all  solids  in  suspenr 
sion.  The  whole  can  then  be  filtered  and  the  liquid  is  left  perfectly  clear. 
This  is  "Filter-eel,"  made  of  the  crushed  rock.  "Celite"  is  a  meaningless 
trade  name,  adopted  for  the  output  of  this  particular  deposit. 


LIST    OF    SPECIES  7 

Since  the  period  of  deposition,  the  rocks  of  the  Santa  Ynez  range 
have  undergone  some  folding,  leaving  the  strata  of  diatoms  nowhere  hori- 
zontal. The  Xyne  layer  stands  where  examined  by  us  at  an  angle  of  about 
thirty  degrees,  the  north  side  highest. 

From  the  natural  history  view,  this  stratum  is  the  most  remarkable  fea- 
ture of  the  deposit.  At  about  950  feet  from  the  bottom,  at  a  certain  hori- 
zon everywhere  the  same,  is  a  layer  of  an  extinct  herring,  described  by 
us  in  a  previous  paper  as  XYNE  GREX.  Individuals  lie  on  the  bottom 
wherever  this  layer  has  been  exposed.  They  are  all  of  about  the  same  size, 
about  six  inches  long,  all  adult  and  nowhere  mixed  with  any  other  fish. 
Apparently  the  species  swarmed  in  the  bay  for  spawning  purposes,  and 
the  entire  mass  was  heated,  suffocated,  or  otherwise  killed  in  an  instant 
and  with  no  evidence  of  agony  or  distortion. 

In  the  rocks  above,  occasional  examples  are  found,  always  as  im- 
prints, while  those  of  the  main  mass  have  been  mostly  carbonized  and  left 
black  or  nearly  so.  The  other  fishes  found  in  these  deposits  mainly  occur 
in  the  upper  strata.  Only  large  fishes,  a  foot  or  more — herrings  ex- 
cepted — are  found  here,  these  being  mainly  mackerel,  flounders,  bass, 
rock-fish  and  the  like,  which  were  apparently  in  pursuit  of  the  herring. 
All  of  these  are  described  and  figured  in  the  pages  which  follow.  This 
Lompoc  fauna  contrasts  strongly  with  that  described  from  the  impure 
diatomaceous  shales  at  El  Modena  and  Bairdstown — of  the  same  age,  but 
•evidently  under  different  conditions.  All  the  fishes  of  these  deposits  are 
immature,  evidently  residents  of  shallow  bays  within  the  archipelago 
which  now  forms  the  counties  of  Los  Angeles  and  Orange. 

The  species  thus  far  found  at  Lompoc  are  the  following  (new  names 
in  italics)  : 

Family  LAMNIDyE 

1.  CARCHARODON  ARNOLDI  Jordan. 

Family  CLUPEID^E 

2.  XYNE  GREX  Jordan  and  Gilbert  (J.  Z.). 

3.  XYNE  fitgeri  Jordan  and  Gilbert. 

4.  LYGTSMA  TFNAX  Jordan  and  Gilbert. 

Family  SCOMBRID^ 

5.  Turio  wilburi  Jordan  and  Gilbert. 

6.  Thyrsion  velo.v  Jordan. 

7.  Thyrsocles  KRIEGERI  Jordan  and  Gilbert. 
7A.  Thyrsocles  escharion  Jordan. 

8.  Ocystias  sagitta  Jordan. 


g  FOSSIL    FISHES   OF   LOMPOC 

Family  ZAPRORID^E. 
9.  Araosteus  rothi  Jordan  and  Gilbert. 

Family  ZAPHLEGID/E 

10.  Zaphleges  longurio  Jordan. 

Family  SERRANIM) 

11.  EMMACH.ERE  RHACHITES  Jordan  and  Gilbert. 

Family  SPARID^E. 

12.  Rhythmias  starrii  Jordan  and  Gilbert. 

13.  Plectrites  classeni  Jordan. 

Family  SCLENIDjE. 

14.  LOMPOQUIA  RETROPES  Jordan  and  Gilbert. 

15.  Lompochites  hopkinsi  Jordan 

Family  SCORP^NIM). 

16.  Rixator  porteousi  Jordan  and  Gilbert. 

17.  Rixator  inezice  Jordan  and  Gilbert. 

Family  HEXAGRAMMID^. 

18.  HEXAGRAM MOS  ACHRESTOS  Jordan  and  Gilbert. 

Family  OPHIODONTID^E. 

19.  OZYMANDIAS  GILBERTI  Jordan. 

Family  PLEURONECTID^ 

20.  EVESTHES  JORDANL  J.  Z.  Gilbert. 

21.  EVESTHES  hooveri  Jordan. 

22.  DIATOMCECA  ZATIMA  Jordan  and  Gilbert. 

23.  Zororhombus  veliger  Jordan. 

Family  BROTULIDyE. 

24.  ECLIPES  VETERNUS  Jordan  and  Gilbert. 

Family  . 

25.  Atkinsonella  strigilis  Jordan. 

Family  DUSSUMIERIID^. 
QU^SITA  alhambra  Jordan  and  Gilbert. 
QU.ESITA  fragilis  Jordan  and  Gilbert. 


CARCHARODON 


Family 
1.  Carcharodon  arnoldi  Jordan. 

No  teeth  of  sharks  have  been  found  in  the  diatom  deposits.  In  the 
breccia  which  overlies  part  of  these  beds,  shark's  teeth  occur  occasionally 
among  the  broken  bones  of  whales. 

We  obtained  two  such  teeth  corresponding  to  the  form  called  CAR- 
CHARODON RIVERSI  Jordan,  which  we  take  to  be  a  back  tooth  of  the 
common  CARCHARODON  ARNOLDI. 

Family  CLUPEID-ffi. 

2.  Xyne  grex  Jordan  and  Gilbert. 

(Plates  I,  II,  III) 

In  the  original  description  of  this  species  (Jordan  and  Gilbert,  Fossil 
Fishes  S.  Cal.,  p.  25)  it  is  stated  that  numbers  XXIV  and  XXVIII, 
Stanford  Collections,  came  from  Bairdstown.  This  is  an  error:  all  came 
from  the  same  stratum  as  the  type  slab  (CVIII)  from  Lompoc. 

Outside  the  mass  of  this  species,  which  covers  four  square  miles  of 
deposit  all  at  the  same  geological  level,  this  fish  is  scantily  distributed 
through  the  rocks  higher  up. 

The  most  remarkable  feature  of  the  diatom  beds  is  the  evidence  of  a 
tremendous  catastrophe  which  overwhelmed  millions  of  individuals  of 
this  herring,  at  a  single  moment,  apparently  in  the  spawning  season. 

It  is  evident  that  these  fishes  were  gathered  together  in  the  sheltered 
bay  in  which  these  deposits  occur.  At  a  horizon  950  feet  from  the  base 
of  the  deposit  is  the  layer  of  this  species.  The  individuals  are  of  about  the 
same  size  (6  to  8  inches)  lying  flat,  not  distorted  nor  much  piled.  All 
are  in  the  same  horizon  and  this  wherever  opened  is  covered  with  these 
fishes.  No  other  species  is  mixed  with  them,  and  there  are  but  few 
remains  of  the  species  in  the  rocks  higher  up.  Nearly  all  these  specimens 
are  dark  brown  or  black,  showing  them  to  have  been  carbonized.  In  the 
rocks  above,  this  and  other  species  are  mainly  prints  merely,  the  marks 
of  their  bones  being  replaced  by  diatoms. 

Of  this  species  numerous  slabs  were  obtained,  through  the  energetic 
help  of  Messrs.  Krieger,  Porteous,  and  Starr,  and  Mr.  John  Sells,  fore- 
man. These  were  taken  from  a  tunnel  near  the  north  side  of  the  deposit. 
The  largest  slab  is  about  eight  feet  by  four,  containing  hundreds  of 
individuals. 

The  genus  XYNE  is  characterized  by  a  symmetrical  herring-like 
form,  the  belly,  however,  compressed  and  armed  with  sharp  lanceolate 
scutes,  the  dorsal  nearly  median  and  opposite  the  ventrals,  the  bones  of 


10  FOSSIL    FISHES    OF    LOMPOC 

the  head  finely  striated  and  enameled.  The  vertebrae  are  about  45,  a  char- 
acter which  separates  the  genus  from  the  modern  forms  with  sharp 
ventral  scutes.  We  find  no  trace  of  dorsal  scutes  nor  of  finlets ;  the  slen- 
der ribs  are  about  as  long  as  head  and  nearly  four  in  length  to  base  of 
caudal.  Intermuscular  bones  are  very  evident :  the  ribs  are  forked  below, 
and  the  ventral  spinules  are  well  marked. 

We  give  the  record  of  the  most  perfect  examples  found  above  the 
horizon  in  which  the  multitudes  occur. 

No.  110  is  about  six  inches  long,  the  back  abruptly  broken  and  the 
head  crushed ;  ribs  4^2  in  length  of  body.  Vertebras  43 ;  24  behind  in- 
sertion of  ventrals.  These  are  nearly  under  middle  of  dorsal,  as  usual  in 
this  group. 

No.  116.  Eight  inches  long;  is  well  preserved:  mouth  large,  the 
lower  jaw  projecting;  ventrals  just  behind  front  of  dorsal;  vertebrae  43; 
23  caudal  vertebras ;  depth  of  body  5  in  length. 

24.  Broken  in  three  parts,  the  head  much  crushed. 

27.  Fair. 

36.  Two  specimens  with  ECLIPES  VETERNUS.  Tail  and  posterior 
dorsal  rays. 

39.  Backbone. 

51.  Fairly  good  imprint. 

123.  Fair. 

126.  Two  in  bad  order. 

153.  Bad  condition. 

157B.  In  fair  shape;  no  head  nor  fins. 

203.  Fragments  of  four  fishes. 

243.  Fair  condition. 

288.  Two  damaged  skeletons. 

3.  Xyne  fitgeri  Jordan  and  Gilbert,  new  species. 

(Plates  IV,  V) 

Besides  XYNE  GREX,  a  second  species  of  herring  occurs  in  these 
deposits.  This  we  may  provisionally  refer  to  the  same  genus.  It  is  deeper 
in  body,  with  the  head  much  heavier,  the  form  much  less  symmetrical. 
The  vertebras  are  45  in  number,  rather  heavier  than  in  XYNE  GREX,  and 
the  anterior  vertebrae  seem  loosely  connected,  becoming  readily  crushed 
out  of  place,  or  as  in  the  type  example  bowed  into  an  arch.  The  ribs 
are  longer  than  in  XYNE  GREX,  nearly  as  long  as  head,  about  3^4  in  length 
of  body. 

The  form  of  the  head  and  the  tendency  to  curvature  of  the  back- 
bone, with  the  less  symmetrical  form  of  the  body,  may  indicate  generic 
distinction  for  this  species,  but  it  is  certainly  a  near  relative  of  XYNE. 


XYNE  11 

The  two  species  (possibly  identical  with  each  other)  already  described 
by  us  from  El  Modena  and  Carpinteria  (£LLIMMA  ELMODEN.E  *  and  EL- 
LIMMA  BARBARA)  are  certainly  nearer  XYNE  than  ELLIMMA;  and  may  be 
temporarily  assigned  to  XYNE,  with  which  they  agree  in  general  traits 
and  especially  in  the  number  of  vertebrae  (.44).  The  ribs  are  longer  than 
in  X.  GREX  or  X.  FITGERI,  being  about  3%  to  3^  in  length  of  body.  It  is 
very  doubtful  whether  these  species  belong  to  the  group  of  double-armed 
herring,  the  presence  of  dorsal  scutes  being  uncertain.  In  this  group 
the  Eocene  genera,  DIPLOMYSTUS,  KNIGHTIA,  ELLIMMA,  and  ELLIMICH- 
THYS,  find  their  place. 

The  type  of  XYNE  FITGERI  is  a  specimen  (No.  167)  seven  inches  long, 
lacking  the  upper  and  lowTer  fins. 

Body  heavy  forward  with  large  head.  Head  2%  in  length  to  base 
of  caudal ;  depth  about  2%-  Head  very  large,  with  steep,  straightish  pro- 
file; eye  moderate;  lower  jaw  long,  low,  protruding;  maxillary  1%  in 
head.  Vertebrae  43,  the  first  24  forming  a  notable  arch,  its  arc  21/2  times 
its  height,  a  character  apparently  due  to  distortion,  as  only  partially  shown 
in  other  specimens.  Vertebrae  rather  longer  than  deep,  ribs  many,  very 
slender,  U/4  in  head,  nearly  3*4  in  body ;  some  intra-muscular  bones ;  neu- 
rals  and  hsemals  moderate,  interspinal  bones  weak  and  mostly  obliterated ; 
pectoral  fins  narrow,  inserted  low  ;  dorsal,  anal,  ventrals,  and  scales  wholly 
obliterated  except  for  the  lanceolate  sharp  ventral  scutes  which  are  about 
15  in  number;  caudal  strong,  well  forked,  the  lobes  1%  in  head,  the 
rays  slender,  about  twenty-five  to  be  counted. 

This  specimen  is  preserved  in  duplicate,  the  other  half  (167B)  being 
exactly  like  it.  The  species  is  named  for  Mr.  August  Fitger,  the  excel- 
lent proprietor  of  the  Lompoc  quarries. 

A  second  specimen  (26)  is  in  fair  condition,  6  inches  long,  the  ver- 
tebral column  elevated  anteriorly,  but  not  perfectly  arched ;  dorsal  and 
ventral  present,  the  ventral  just  behind  front  of  dorsal.  Head  3  in  length  ; 
depth  3  ;  vertebrae  43. 

Another  specimen  (No.  241),  4i/2  inches  long,  has  the  head  large 
and  with  steep  profile.  The  head  is,  however,  crushed  back  on  the  body, 
so  that  the  dorsal  fin  is  close  behind  it,  and  the  anterior  vertebrae  are  dis- 
located and  scattered  about  the  nuchal  region.  There  are  25  to  28  ver- 
tebras behind  the  line  of  insertion  of  dorsal.  The  vertebral  column  in 
this  species  seems  exceptionally  fragile,  for  when  not  arched,  it  is  usually 
broken  or  distorted. 

A  specimen  3%  inches  long  (the  total  fish  about  five)  (No.  205), 
with  the  head  and  tail  broken,  much  resembles  the  type  of  ELLIMMA  EL- 


*  We  may  here  note  that  in  the  original  description  of  ELLIMMA  ELMODEN^E 
"head  2y2  in  length"  is  a  misprint  for  "head  3%." 


12  FOSSIL    FISHES    OF    LOMPOC 


as  figured  by  Jordan  and  Gilbert.  It  is,  however,  unquestion- 
ably a  member  of  this  species.  The  dorsal,  pectoral,  and  ventral  fins 
are  fairly  preserved,  as  are  also  the  vertebrae  and  the  ribs.  There  are 
eight  vertebras  before  the  ventrals.  Ribs  about  22.  Vertebrae  rather 
deeper  than  long,  those  anteriorly  a  little  elevated. 

Other  specimens  are  the  following: 

29.  Probably  the  same,  body  only,  anterior  vertebrae  out  of  place. 

44.  Vertebral  column  little  arched;  pectoral  complete,  short,  2y2  in 
head;  about  15  scutes  before  ventrals. 

124.  Fair;  head  large,  broken;  ventrals  a  little  nearer  gill  opening 
than  base  of  caudal.  Caudal  well  forke'd,  anterior  vertebrae  moderately 
arched,  vertebrae  45,  dorsal  and  anal  wanting. 

140.  Young  —  the  vertebral  column  little  arched.  Vertebrae  about 
40  —  poor  condition. 

507.  In  fair  condition,  much  like  No.  26.  The  backbone  not  arched, 
but  undulated. 

146.  Column  a  little  arched;  paired  fins  wanting. 

149.  Bad  order  ;  column  little  arched. 

150.  Broken  head. 

196.  An  example  with  a  big  head,  deep  body,  and  .median  dorsal. 
Vertebrae  about  40.  the  column  somewhat  arched  anteriorly:  belly  with 
strong  scutes. 

244.  Broken  torso,  showing  15  ventral  scutes. 

235.  Shows  a  short  dorsal  nearer  head  than  base  of  caudal;  spinal 
column  little  arched,  broken,  apparently  very  fragile.  The  whole  struc- 
ture very  weak. 

274.  Broken  torso,  vertebral  column  somewhat  arched. 

278.  Part  of  a  large  example.    No  new  features. 

291.  Part  of  side  —  no  arch  in  vertebral  column. 

314.  Broken  skeleton  and  head.  The  vertebral  column  a  little  arched 
anteriorly. 

324.  Head  and  torso  much  broken. 

411.  Fair  condition;  shows  ventral  scutes  and  paired  fins.  Head 
large,  3y2  in  length,  depth  3  ;  13  scutes  before  ventrals. 

In  addition  to  those  noted  above  there  are  numerous  fragments  more 
or  less  definitely  referable  to  this  species. 

4.  Lygisma  tenax  Jordan  and  Gilbert. 
No.  79.    Seven  inches  long. 

Head  and  vertebral  column,  the  head  badly  crushed,  the  vertebral 
column  intact  and  much  twisted  as  in  the  original  types:  neural  and 


LYGISMA  13 

haemal  spines  strong,  interhaemals,  interneurals  and  fins  lost;  head  large, 
with  large  orbit,  median  in  position;  lower  jaw  prominent;  pectoral  in- 
serted low.  Vertebras  about  40,  reduced  posteriorly,  longer  than  deep  and 
constricted.  No  scales  or  scutes  preserved. 

We  identify  this  specimen  doubtfully  by  the  tough  antf  twisted 
spinal  column,  which  seems  to  be  a  distinctive  trait. 

No.  121  shows  the  head  with  some  of  the  vertebrae,  of  the  same 
species. 

Family  SCOMBRID^ 

Next  to  the  evidence  of  the  extraordinary  catastrophe  which  over- 
whelmed the  herring  known  as  XYNE  GREX,  the  most  remarkable  feature 
of  the  Lompoc  beds  is  the  presence  of  five  different  species  of  mackerel — 
predatory  fishes,  doubtless  lured  into  the  bay  to  feed  on  the  herring. 

All  of  these  forms  are  related  to  the  living  species  known  as 
Spanish  mackerels,  SCOMBEROMORUS  Lacepede  (CYBIUM  Cuvier).  But 
differences  in  the  vertebral  column,  the  dentition  and  the  interspinal  bones, 
necessitate  the  recognition  among  them  of  four  distinct  genera.  To 
these,  we  assign  the  names  of  TURIO  (WILBURI),  THYRSION  (VELOX), 
THYRSOCLES  (KRIEGERI),  and  OCYSTIAS  (SAGITTA). 

The  six  genera  of  SCOMBRID^;  found  in  the  Miocene  deposits  of 
Southern  California  may  be  thus  compared  with  each  other  and  with  the 
living  genera  of  this  type. 

(a)  Anterior  vertebrae  simple,  not  "trellis-like" ;  teeth  not  serrate,  nor 
greatly  enlarged ;  posterior  vertebrae  not  held  immovable  by  backward  ex- 
tensions from  apophyses ;  no  canine  teeth ;  body  without  corselet  of  modi- 
fied scales,  as  far  as  known. 

(fe)  Vertebrae  few,  about  28  in  number;  dorsal  spines  about  10  in 
number,  slender,  close-set.  (Allies  of  SCOMBER.) 

(c)  Interspace  between  dorsals   short,   not  more  than   the   length 
of  two  vertebrae ;  body  rather  deep,  tapering  backward ;  the  depth  about 
3^  in  length ;  teeth  unknown ;  opercular  region  short.  TUNITA. 

(cc)  Interspace  between  dorsals  long;  as  long  as  four  or  more  verte- 
brae ;  body  elongate,  tapering  slowly  backward ;  depth  about  4%  in  length ; 
interhaemals  slender  and  short,  weak. 

(d)  Opercular  region  moderate,  teeth  unknown   (supposedly  conic 
and  pointed,  close  set).  AUXIDES. 

(bb)  Vertebrae  about  28;  dorsal  spines  about  20.  Opercular  region 
very  long,  longer  than  distance  from  front  of  eye  to  edge  of  preopercle ; 
teeth  compressed,  wide  set,  about  20/20  on  each  side;  body  moderately 
elongate,  the  depth  about  5  in  length ;  dorsal  spines  slender,  close-set,  the 
anterior  elevated.  (Ally  of  EUTHYNNUS.)  TURIO. 


14  FOSSIL    FISHES   OF    LOMPOC 

(bbb)  Vertebra  numerous,  40  to  55,  subquadrate,  strongly  grooved; 
post-ocular  region  not  expanded,  shorter  than  rest  of  head ;  dorsal  spines 
low,  slender.  (Allies  of  SCOMBEROMORUS). 

(<?)  Vertebra  40  to  42,  rather  strong,  deeper  than  long,  the  depth 
of  one  about  equal  to  one-third  the  distance  to  the  base  of  the  soft  dorsal ; 
opercle  strongly  striate;  interneurals  short,  slender,  and  weak. 

(/)  First  dorsal  of  about  10  spines ;  body  rather  robust ;  teeth  conic, 
pointed  subequal,  in  bands,  35  to  40  on  each  side  of  jaw ;  depth  about  5  in 
length.  THYRSION. 

(//)  First  dorsal  of  about  22  slender  spines;  body  very  slender,  the 
depth  about  7  in  length ;  teeth  unknown.  OCYSTIAS. 

(ee)  Vertebrae  46  to  48;  deeper  than  long.  Interhaemals  very  long 
and  rather  strong,  arranged  in  a  parallel  grate-like  series,  reaching  about 
%  distance  to  backbone.  Vertebrae  22  +  25  =  47 ;  body  rather  robust, 
the  depth  about  5  in  length. 

(#)  First  dorsal  of  15  to  20  slender  spines;  teeth  compressed,  well- 
spaced  ;  probably  about  35  on  each  side.  THYRSOCLES. 

(gg)  First  dorsal  of  15  to  18  low,  slender  spines. 

(A)  Teeth  scarcely  compressed,  about  25  in  each  side;  depth  S1^  in 
length.  CHRIOMITRA. 

(hh)  Teeth  much  compressed,  wide-set,  about  12  in  each  side;  inter- 
hsemals  of  moderate  length,  close-set,  parallel  and  nearly  straight,  depth 
4y2  in  length.  SCOMBEROMORUS. 

Of  the  other  generic  names  applied  to  fishes  of  this  group,  ACANTHO- 
CYBIUM  Gill  (PETUS),  with  broad,  serrated  teeth,  and  the  body  robust,  is 
well  defined.  LEPIDOCYBIUM  (Gill)  (FLAVOBRUNNEUM),  with  canine 
teeth,  is  doubtless  also  valid.  APODONTIS  (Bennett)  (IMMUNIS),  scantily 
described  (teeth  conical,  wide-set),  is  probably  a  typical  SCOMBEROMORUS, 
as  is  also  CYBIUM  (Guvier)  (COMMERSONI).  CHRIOMITRA  is,  no  doubt, 
a  valid  genus,  with  interhaemal  as  in  THYRSOCLES  and  numerous  gill- 
rakers. 

The  fossil  genus  SCOMBERODON  van  Beneden  (Bull.  Acad.  Royale, 
Belgique  (2),  XXXI,  504-512,  1871)  is  based  on  a  huge  mackerel  found 
in  the  clays  of  Rupelian  age  (Oligocene)  at  Boom  and  Rupelmonde  in 
Belgium.  It  is  allied  to  ACANTHOCYBIUM  and  remotely  to  SCOMBERO- 
MORUS, but  its  teeth  are  very  large,  entire,  unequal,  and  subconic,  set  in 
extremely  massive  jaws.  The  teeth  are  relatively  few,  about  18/18  in  each 
jaw.  The  caudal  vertebrae  are  remarkable  in  having  a  special  bone  cov- 
ering, depriving  them  of  all  mobility,  as  in  the  tunnies.  This  character  is 
not  found  in  the  Miocene  genera  nor  in  SCOMBEROMORUS.  The  species  in 
question,  SCOMBERODON  DUMONTI,  must  have  reached  the  length  of  seven 
feet  (two  meters).  There  seems  to  be  no  doubt  of  the  validity  of  the 
genus  SCOMBERODON. 


TURIO  15 

Turio  (Jordan  and  Gilbert),  new  genus. 
(Type:  TURIO  WILBURI  Jordan  and  Gilbert.) 

Mackerels  of  rather  small  size,  with  the  body  moderately  elongate, 
the  vertebrae  about  28  ;  longer  than  deep  and  not  strongly  grooved.  Head 
long,  apparently  pointed;  mouth  large;  traces  of  a  strong  lower  jaw;  the 
opercular  region  much  expanded,  its  length  about  1^  in  rest  of  head  and 
greater  than  distance  from  front  of  eye  to  edge  of  preopercle  ;  teeth  com- 
pressed, rather  wide-set,  smaller  than  in  SCOMBEROMORUS,  the  number 
about  25/25  on  each  side.  First  dorsal  anteriorly  high,  of  about  20  slender 
spines  ;  interhaemals  short,  slender,  and  not  straight,  almost  hair-like.  This 
genus  has  the  vertebral  column  of  SCOMBER  and  AUXIDES,  differing  from 
these,  as  well  as  from  THYRSOCLES,  in  the  very  much  longer  opercular 
region.  From  TUNITA,  which  has  also  high  dorsal  spines  it  is  separated 
by  the  much  longer  first  dorsal.  It  differs  from  THYRSOCLES  in  the  form 
of  the  dorsal  fins  and  in  the  very  much  weaker  interneurals,  in  the  much 
more  slender  vertebrae,  in  their  smaller  number  and  in  the  weakness  of 
the  lateral  ridges.  The  opercular  region  is  much  longer  in  TURIO  than 
in  THYRSOCLES  and  the  head  perhaps  more  pointed. 

The  dentition  of  AUXIDES,  which  genus  TURIO  much  resembles,  is 
unknown,  but  that  genus  is  presumably  related  to  SCOMBER,  which  has 
conical  teeth,  in  bands.  The  nearest  ally  of  TURIO  is  probably  EUTHYN- 
NUS. 

We  propose  for  this  genus  the  name  TURIO,  a  wand  or  shaft,  the 
the  Latin  equivalent  of  ©vpgig,  the  root  of  THYRSITES. 


5.  Turio  wilburi  Jordan  and  Gilbert,  new  species. 
(Plates  VI,  VII) 

Type  49A.  Body  with  28  vertebrae,  head  broken,  showing  wide  mouth 
and  a  gill  arch  with  filaments.  Head  3^  in  length  ;  depth  3%  ;  three 
spines  of  dorsal  perfect;  the  third  very  long,  1%  in  head,  7  or  8  others 
lying  down,  the  total  number  indicated  by  interneurals  being  20  ;  13  rays 
of  soft  dorsal  shown,  a  short  interspace  between;  vertebrae  constricted, 
longer  than  deep,  with  three  grooves.  Caudal  wide,  forked,  on  a  slender 
peduncle  ;  neurals  and  haemals  long  ;  interneurals  and  interhaemals  very 
short  and  slender,  almost  hair-like  ;  those  above  in  pairs  ;  ribs  very  oblique, 
short.  Ventrals  I,  5,  the  stout  spine  long.  Specimen  a  foot  long. 

No.  21  is  a  body  without  head,  11  inches  long.  This  specimen 
shows  26  vertebras  from  the  front  of  the  spinous  dorsal,  15  from  the 
front  neural  spine  of  the  first  anal  ray  ;  these  are  relatively  slender,  longer 
than  deep  and  somewhat  constricted,  with  no  conspicuous  lateral  ridges, 


16  FOSSIL    FISHES   OF    LOMPOC 

and  with  moderate,  not  very  oblique,  neurals  and  hsemals ;  the  interneu- 
rals  and  interhaemals  notably  short  and  slender;  the  interneurals  very 
much  smaller  than  in  THYRSOCLES.  Ribs  slender,  short,  directed  strongly 
backward ;  hypural  plate  obscure'.  First  dorsal  of  about  20  spines,  these 
very  slender,  close-set,  and  rapidly  shortened  to  the  last,  the  first  three 
high,  nearly  equal  to  depth  of  body  at  base,  which  is  5%  times  in  dis- 
tance from  the  snout  to  base  of  caudal.  Second  dorsal  showing  about 
12  slender  rays;  the  distance  from  its  front  to  front  of  first  dorsal  2%  in 
distance  from  front  of  first  dorsal  to  base  of  caudal;  distance  between 
dorsals  3%  in  this  measurement ;  insertion  of  anal  under  about  fifth  ray 
of  second  dorsal.  Caudal  strong,  widely  forked,  its  rays  15  +  15,  its  lobes 
equal,  Sy2  in  length  of  body,  the  outer  rays  much  shortened. 

Another  specimen,  apparently  of  the  same  species  (No.  178),  shows 
the  head  and  body  to  the  second  dorsal  fin.  It  is  in  poor  condition,  being 
crushed  and  distorted,  the  long  head  badly  broken,  a  few  teeth,  com- 
pressed, formed  as  in  SCOMBEROMORUS,  preserved,  but  the  fins  all  twisted 
from  their  natural  position  and  none  well  preserved.  About  twelve  ver- 
tebrae precede  front  of  soft  dorsal. 

A  counterpart  (No.  177)  shows  crushed  head  only,  with  straight 
profile,  pointed  snout,  longer  than  eye,  which  is  twice  in  distance  to 
front  of  opercle,  and  2%  in  breadth  of  opercle  behind  it,  thus  nearly 
6*4  in  head.  The  long  straight  gape  extends  beyond  the  eye.  Opercu- 
lar  region  very  long,  the  distance  from  gill  opening  to  preopercle  greater 
than  distance  thence  to  front  of  eye. 

Occasional  rather  small  narrowly  triangular  compressed  teeth  occur 
along  the  edges  of  both  jaws,  rather  less  narrowed  and  crowded  anteriorly 
than  in  THYRSION  VELOX. 

Another  specimen  (180)  shows  the  head  and  anterior  parts  badly 
damaged,  with  but  few  vertebrae  preserved,  these  longer  than  deep,  and 
with  traces  only  of  first  dorsal  and  anal  fins. 

Pectoral  well  preserved,  of  about  eighteen  rays,  inserted  high ;  ven- 
trals  well  developed  but  broken,  inserted  before  pectoral ;  posterior  part  of 
head  rather  long. 

Another  head  with  part  of  body  (No.  7)  seems  to  belong  to  this 
species.  Head  long,  with  pointed  snout  and  long  jaws  on  which  a  few 
compressed,  spaced  teeth  are  shown,  the  length  of  head  greater  than 
depth  of  body.  The  opercular  region  very  long,  much  longer  than  in 
THYRSOCLES.  Preopercle  with  an  enlarged  angle  turned  downward,  as 
in  the  types  of  AUXIDES,  but  the  striae  on  its  surface  very  fine,  much 
finer  than  in  AUXIDES. 

First  dorsal  with  slender  close-set  spines,  apparently  about  20  in 
number ;  pectorals  and  ventrals  present  but  distorted.  Vertebra  slender, 


THYRSION  17 

longer  than  deep,  somewhat  constricted,  the  first  neural  spines  of  the 
dorsal  attached  to  the  first  vertebra.  Eleven  vertebrae  preserved. 

No.  6.  Broken  fish  14  inches  long.  Vertebrae  13  +  25  =  28, 
longer  than  deep,  smaller  anteriorly,  more  or  less  three-grooved,  part 
of  them  nearly  plain.  Head  much  broken,  3%  in  length  to  base  of 
caudal ;  depth  about  5^  in  length ;  preopercle  with  fine  striae  on  exserted 
part;  pectorals  much  broken;  ventrals  just  behind  their  insertion;  first 
dorsal  with  8  spines  preserved,  slender,  close-set;  soft  dorsal  well  sep- 
arated, small,  of  about  12  feeble  rays  preserved.  The  interneurals  of 
both  dorsals  very  short  and  slender,  a  little  shorter  than  the  slender  inter- 
haemals.  Caudal  broken,  forked.  Same  slab  with  a  small  sample  of 
XYNE  GREX. 

No.  180.  Fragments  of  a  large  fish,  apparently  TURIO,  in  bad  con- 
dition. 

10B.  Backbone  with  anal  fin,  7y&  inches  long. 

The  species  is  named  for  Dr.  Ray  Lyman  Wilbur,  President  of 
Stanford  University. 

Thyrsion  Jordan,  new  genus. 
(Type  THYRSION  VELOX  Jordan.) 

This  genus  is  characterized  by  the  general  form  of  the  Spanish 
mackerels,  the  depth  about  five  times  in  length  to  base  of  caudal,  the 
vertebras  strong,  40  in  number.  The  interspinal  bones  weak,  the  spinous 
dorsal  of  10  to  20  weak  spines,  and  the  teeth  conical,  in  bands.  The 
number  of  dorsal  spines  cannot  be  ascertained. 

6.  Thyrsion  velox  Jordan. 
(Plates  VIII,  IX) 

The  type  of  the  species  (No.  153)  shows  the  head  and  anterior  part 
of  the  body.  The  whole  part  preserved,  9  inches  long.  Head  large, 
with  long  pike-like  jaws,  its  length  half  more  than  presumable  depth  of 
body  at  front  of  first  dorsal.  Depth  of  head  about  1%  in  its  length;  jaws 
very  long,  apparently  pointed,  the  tips  broken,  the  maxillary  1%  in  head. 
Teeth  in  upper  jaw  sharp,  entire,  even,  close-set,  rather  narrowly  triangu- 
lar or  possibly  conical  in  form,  50  or  60  on  each  side  in  upper  jaw,  none 
of  them  canine-like,  and  perhaps  all  in  one  row;  more  likely  in  bands. 
Anterior  teeth  narrowed  and  crowded;  lower  jaw  strong,  its  teeth  partly 
preserved,  similar  to  those  above,  opercle  large,  rounded. 

Fourteen  vertebrae  preserved,  these  rather  small  and  squarish;  10  in 
the  length  of  upper  jaw ;  the  neural  spines  slender,  directed  rather  evenly 
backward ;  haemal  spines  smaller.  First  dorsal  with  but  three  slender, 


18  FOSSIL    FISHES   OF   LOMPOC 

shortish  spines  preserved,  the  first  longest,  inserted  behind  pectorals  over 
the  sixth  vertebra;  its  interneural  springs  from  between  first  and  sec- 
ond; pectoral  little  below  vertebral  column,  of  about  18  rays  of  moderate 
length,  the  upper  longest,  the  lower  rays  'rapidly  shortened;  about  2% 
in  head ;  a  trace  of  ventrals  just  before  insertion  of  pectorals,  eye  oblit- 
erated; no  trace  of  scales. 

No.  127.    Fourteen  inches  long. 

This  specimen  shows  the  whole  body  with  crushed  head,  soft  dorsal 
and  anal  lost;  vertebrae  certainly  40,  all  much  deeper  than  long,  with 
fine  grooves.  Head  long,  conic,  pointed,  3^  in  body.  Depth  about 
5% ;  postocular  part  of  head  rather  long,  about  as  long  as  snout,  opercle 
strongly  striated.  Teeth  obliterated ;  pectorals  lost,  ventrals  moderate, 
apparently  I  5.  First  dorsal  slender,  represented  by  about  six  close-set 
spines,  the  first  of  those  over  ninth  vertebra;  interneurals  slender  and 
weak.  Anal,  with  interhsemals,  wholly  lost;  caudal  forked,  damaged. 
Caudal  peduncle  less  slender  than  in  THYRSOCLES.  The  caudal  with  rudi- 
mentary rays  at  base. 

If  Nos.  127  and  153  are  really  of  the  same  species,  the  teeth  are 
materially  different  from  those  of  SCOMBEROMORUS. 

The  fish  has  much  in  common  with  ZAPH LEGES  and  may  prove  to  be 
not  a  mackerel  at  all. 

Ocystias  Jordan,  new  genus. 
(Type:  OCYSTIAS  SAGITTA  Jordan.) 

A  large  mackerel  with  the  body  very  slender,  the  depth  6%  in  length, 
the  vertebrae  21  +  21  s=  42,  as  deep  as  long,  the  posterior  more  elongate, 
all  sharply  grooved.  Head  moderate,  the  opercle  not  expanded,  less  than 
half  postorbital  part  of  head;  teeth  unknown.  First  dorsal  of  about  22 
slender  spines,  the  soft  dorsal  inserted  close  behind  it ;  interneurals  very 
short  and  slender,  curved,  almost  hair-like. 

This  genus  resembles  SCOMBEROMORUS  in  form,  and  in  the  form  of 
the  spinous  dorsal;  its  interhsemals  are  much  more  slender  than  in  that 
genus.  The  vertebrae  are  fewer  in  number  than  in  SCOMBEROMORUS. 
Whether  the  teeth  are  those  of  SCOMBEROMORUS  is  as  yet  unknown.  The 
body  of  no  other  known  mackerel  is  quite  as  slender. 

7.  Ocystias  sagitta  Jordan,  new  species. 

(Plate  X) 

Type  (No.  20)  27  inches  long,  the  whole  fish,  with  damaged  head. 

Body  very  long  and  slender,  even  for  a  mackerel,  more  elongate 

than  in  THYRSOCLES  or  TURIO.     Head  5y2  in  length  to  base  of  caudal ; 

depth  7%.    Head  broken,  the  opercle  rounded,  the  posterior  part  of  head 

much  shorter  than  in  TURIO. 


OCYSTIAS  19 

Vertebrae  21  +21=42,  the  anterior  hour-glass  shaped,  as  deep  as 
long,  the  posterior  larger  and  more  elongate,  sharply  grooved. 

Dorsal  fins  separate,  the  first  beginning  behind  base  of  pectoral,  of 
about  22  very  slender  spines,  rather  wide-set,  the  anterior  highest,  2%  in 
depth  of  body.  Soft  dorsal  low,  of  16  or  more  slender  rays,  anal  similar, 
beginning  just  behind  front  of  first  dorsal.  The  number  of  rays  not 
certain.  No  trace  of  finlets; -pectorals  rather  broad,  of  15  or  more  rays, 
broken ;  ventrals  obliterated.  Caudal  rather  large,  wide  forked,  the 
equal  lobes  about  5  in  body;  neural  and  haemal  spines  rather  strong, 
especially  mesially ;  the  last  few  vertebras  with  but  traces,  indicating  a 
very  slender  caudal  peduncle.  Interneurals  all  short  and  small,  shorter 
than  the  dorsal  spines  and  rays,  interhaemals  also  very  small  and  slender, 
shorter  than  the  rays,  about  five  times  in  depth  of  body  at  that  point, 
very  oblique,  contrasting  sharply  with  the  strong,  long,  parallel  inter- 
haemals of  THYRSOCLES  ;  ribs  slender,  very  oblique. 

With  much  resemblance  to  the  associated  THYRSOCLES  and  THYRSION, 
the  present  species  is  sharply  distinguished  by  the  very  short  and  weak 
interhaemals  and  interneurals,  by  the  many-rayed  first  dorsal  fin  and  by 
the  relatively  short  tail.  From  TURIO,  which  has  also  weak  interneurals, 
it  is  separated  by  the  more  numerous  and  shorter  vertebrae;  it  is  the 
most  slender  species  of  the  mackerel  family  yet  known.  For  this  species 
is  proposed  the  name  of  OCYSTIAS  SAGITTA  (oxvatog,  swiftest). 

Thyrsocles  Jordan  and  Gilbert,  new  genus. 
(Type:  THYRSITES  KRIEGERI  Jordan  and  Gilbert  (1919). 

Large  mackerels  with  the  body  rather  elongate,  the  depth  about  4% 
in  body,  the  vertebrae  about  22  -f-  25  =  46  in  number,  quadrate  in  form, 
little  constricted,  each  about  as  deep  as  long,  each  conspicuously  three- 
ridged.  Head  large,  the  opercle  moderate,  occupying  less  than  half  post- 
orbital  part  of  head ;  mouth  large,  with  small,  compressed,  wide-set  teeth 
so  far  as  ascertainable.  First  dorsal  weak,  of  10  to  20  slender  spines, 
not  much  elevated.  Interhaemal  bones  unusually  long,  parallel,  the  an- 
terior curved,  the  others  straight,  forming  a  conspicuous  grate-like  struc- 
ture, these  bones  extending  two-thirds  the  distance  to  the  back  bone,  and 
more  than  one-third  depth  of  body  at  insertion  of  anal,  which  is  well 
behind  front  of  soft  dorsal. 

This  genus  may  be  regarded  as  an  ally  of  SCOMBEROMORUS,  having 
similar  vertebrae  and  interhaemals,  but  the  anal  farther  back,  and  the 
teeth  smaller  and  apparently  much  more  numerous.  The  number  of 
dorsal  spines  is  uncertain.  In  SCOMBEROMORUS  (MACULATUS,  CA VALLA, 
COMMERSONI  examined)  the  interhaemals  are  strong  and  parallel,  much  as 


20  FOSSIL    FISHES   OF    LOMPOC 

in  THYRSOCLES,  but  rather  shorter,  %  to  %  depth  of  body  at  insertion  of 
anal.  In  these  species  the  teeth  are  large,  wide-set,  about  11  to  13  on  each 
side. 

8.  Thyrsocles  kriegeri  Jordan  and  Gilbert. 
(Plates  XI,  XII) 

Of  this  species  we  have  a  fine  example  (No.  303).  Body  without 
head,  well  preserved,  fifteen  inches  long.  Depth  under  front  of  anal  2% 
times  in  distance  to  base  of  caudal ;  anal  inserted  below  eighteenth  verte- 
bra, under  middle  of  second  dorsal ;  neurals  nearly  straight ;  anal  fin  with 
about  18  slender  rays,  the  first  not  falcate,  the  rays  progressively  short- 
ened, the  interhaemals  very  long,  slightly  curved,  parallel,  the  haemal  spines 
bent  strongly  backward.  Body  deeper  than  in  the  type  of  T.  KRIEGERI,  the 
depth  4  in  length  of  body  proper,  the  caudal  peduncle  seeming  stouter, 
an  appearance  due  to  the  crushing  together  of  the  last  five  vertebrae. 
Pectoral  with  about  25  rays,  the  upper  longest,  the  fin  very  broad,  the 
lower  rays  very  rapidly  shortened,  the  lowest  not  one-tenth  the  length 
of  the  upper,  which  are  2^  in  depth  of  body.  Ventrals  I,  5,  well  devel- 
oped, inserted  slightly  before  pectoral,  nearly  %  length  of  pectorals. 
Vertebrae  probably  22  -j-  24  =  46,  little  constricted,  about  as  deep  as 
long,  the  last  four  or  five  smaller.  No  hypural  plate.  Caudal  deeply 
forked,  its  rays  about  15  -f-  15,  the  lobes  about  equal  to  the  depth  of 
body.  The  soft  dorsal  with  about  15  rays.  No  trace  of  scales  or 
finlets.  First  dorsal  obliterated,  and  only  the  anterior  interneurals 
showing.  In  this  specimen  the  upper  edges  of  the  vertebral  centra  are 
turned  backward  from  the  axis. 

No.  306,  in  duplicate.  Twenty  inches  long,  the  whole  fish  about  25. 
A  large  fish,  the  head  altogether  crushed,  but  showing  compressed  mod- 
erately spaced  teeth  in  a  single  row.  Vertebrae  40  or  more,  deeper  than 
long.  Neurals  and  haemals  strong;  first  dorsal  lost;  second  rather  high, 
with  strong  parallel  interneurals  reaching  more  than  half  way  to  back- 
bone. Interhaemals  long,  slender,  curved,  oblique,  parallel.  Anal  fin  in- 
serted much  behind  soft  dorsal ;  ventrals  misplaced,  apparently  I,  5 ;  pec- 
torals broken. 

No.  51.  Sy2  inches  long,  preserved  in  duplicate.  Each  half  is  the 
imprint  of  the  middle  of  the  body.  It  shows  twenty-three  vertebrae,  quad- 
rate, little  constricted,  with  three  strong  lateral  ridges  on  each  side,  ap- 
pearing as  grooves  in  the  imprint.  Soft  dorsal  and  anal  preserved,  the 
first  with  about  20  rays  (19  interneurals  showing),  the  latter  with  about 
18,  12  interhaemals  showing  very  distinctly. 

No.  327  shows  25  vertebrae  of  the  side  of  the  body  without  head  or 
fins.  Neurals  and  ribs  are  well  shown,  with  a  trace  of  the  spinous  dorsal 
and  some  small  ctenoid  scales,  perhaps  belonging  to  some  other  fish. 


THYRSOCLES  21 

No.  316  represents  a  section  of  the  vertebral  column,  with  22  verte- 
brae, these  short,  quadrate,  with  three  strong  ridges  (grooves)  on  the 
side,  a  characteristic  of  THYRSOCLES.  The  long  interneurals  and  many 
ribs  are  preserved,  but  not  the  head  or  fins. 

No.  29.  Vertebrae  quadrate,  with  deep  grooves ;  first  dorsal  mostly 
lost ;  second  very  perfect,  with  long,  straight  interneurals,  about  23  rays ; 
22  long,  straight  interhaemals ;  ribs  very  short  and  oblique;  interneurals 
and  interhaemals  much  larger  than  in  TURIO. 

7 A.  Thyrsocles  escharion  Jordan,  new  species. 
(No  plate) 

About  half  our  specimens  of  Thyrsocles  (280,  15,  20)  differ  from 
the  type  in  the  relatively  shorter  interhaemal  bones,  which  become  rapidly 
shortened  from  the  first,  the  eighth  being  not  more  than  half  the  first, 
which  is  21/2  to  2%  in  depth  of  the  body  at  the  front  of  anal,  this  depth 
being  equal  to  the  length  of  eleven  or  twelve  vertebrae,  the  body  being 
rather  deeper  than  in  T.  KRIEGERI. 

In  T.  KRIEGERI  (303,  306,  51)  the  interhaemals  are  much  longer  and 
nearly  equal  in  length,  the  eighth  being  nearly  as  long  as  the  first  and 
about  half  depth  of  body  at  front  of  anal,  this  depth  equal  to  length  of 
nine  vertebrae. 

The  type  specimen  (No.  280)  of  this  fine  species,  15  inches  in  length, 
shows  fairly  well  all  parts  behind  the  head. 

Vertebrae  22  -f-  25  =  47,  short,  subequal,  quadrate,  little  constricted 
about  as  deep  as  long,  each  with  three  ridges  and  grooves  along  its  side. 
Body  fairly  robust,  depth  4%  in  body  (from  gill  opening  to  base  of 
caudal).  Caudal  peduncle  slender,  about  2l/2  in  greatest  depth. 

Pectoral  rays  about  16,  the  fin  rather  broad,  the  lower  rays  shortened  ; 
ventrals  mostly  obliterated,  apparently  just  behind  pectorals ;  first  dorsal 
mostly  obliterated,  the  spines  slender,  close-set,  inserted  before  pectorals, 
the  interneurals  weak,  about  10  spines  traceable  at  the  bases ;  interspace 
between  dorsals  considerable ;  soft  dorsal  with  rather  long  and  strong 
interneurals,  nearly  straight,  the  fin  broken;  interneurals  16;  the  fin 
rays  at  least  as  many,  probably  about  20,  the  last  rays  and  interneurals 
obliterated ;  anal  with  long,  strong  interhaemals,  the  anterior  ones  very- 
oblique,  and  all  parallel,  making  a  conspicuous  grate-like  appearance.  In- 
sertion of  fin  rather  behind  middle  of  second  dorsal ;  the  fin  rather  high, 
apparently  falcate,  of  about  20  rays;  caudal  widely  forked,  of  about  20 
rays  on  each  side.  The  lobes  %  more  than  greatest  depth  of  body.  In 
this  specimen  the  axis  of  each  vertebral  centrum  is  turned  forward  above. 


22  FOSSIL    FISHES   OF    LOMPOC 

and  the  interhaemals  are  shorter  than  in  303  and  306  and  shorter  than  in 
the  type  of  T.  KRIEGERI. 

No  trace  of  finlets  or  of  scales  preserved. 

It  is  evident  that  this  species  cannot  be  placed  in  the  genus  THYRSITES, 
the  form  of  the  first  dorsal  and  pectoral  being  quite  different,  the  caudal 
fin  being  much  stronger. 

(loxotptov,  a  small  grate,  or  gridiron.) 

Side  of  a  large  example  (No.  12),  20  inches  long  in  life,  the  frag- 
ment 12  inches  without  head  or  tail,  but  showing  the  strong  quadrate 
vertebrae,  as  deep  as  long,  with  the  dorsals  and  anal  fin ;  distance  from 
front  of  first  dorsal  to  front  of  anal  l/5  more  than  depth  of  body  below 
second  dorsal.  First  dorsal  of  15  to  20  slender  spines,  the  count  not 
exact;  soft  dorsal  falcate,  with  17  rays  evident  and  probably  4  or  5 
more  lost,  there  being  21  interneurals  corresponding  to  rays.  Anal  rays 
not  to  be  counted,  probably  about  25,  the  first  interhaemals  very  oblique, 
curved  backwards,  the  others  long  and  parallel ;  first  interhsemal  inserted 
nearly  under  front  of  soft  dorsal,  the  first  anal  ray  nearly  under  middle 
of  dorsal  fin ;  vertebra  strong,  sub-quadrangular,  deeper  than  long,  each 
with  two  strong  lateral  ridges,  between  45  and  50  in  all,  but  some  at 
both  ends  broken,  about  12  having  interhaemals  along  base  of  anal  fin. 
The  caudal  vertebrae  (16  preserved)  must  have  been  about  24. 

No.  23  is  a  fragment  about  10  inches  long  of  a  large  fish,  with 
quadrate  vertebrae,  each  three-ridged,  along  the  side.  The  head  and  tail 
are  wanting. 

The  pectoral  fin  shows  twelve  or  more  rays.  The  soft  dorsal  shows 
about  14  interneurals  and  a  few  anal  rays  show. 

Another  specimen  (in  duplicate,  69 A  and  69B)  seems  to  belong  to 
THYRSOCLES  ESCHARION.  It  shows  the  anterior  region,  a  head  wholly 
crushed,  with  twelve  vertebrae,  short  and  quadrate.  A  few  dorsal  spines 
may  be  traced.  The  posterior  part  of  the  head  is  relatively  short,  a  char- 
acter which,  with  the  numerous  vertebrae,  will  distinguish  the  species 
from  TURIO. 

No.  15.  Body  with  tail,  well  preserved ;  interhaemals  relatively  short ; 
vertebral  axis  turned  forward  above.  A  typical  example,  much  like  No. 
280. 

12B.  Posterior  region  showing  well,  20  dorsal  rays,  and  anal  rays 
24.  Interneurals  and  interhaemals  typical. 

No.  318.  The  tail  of  a  fairly  large  fish,  the  caudal  itself  entirely 
crushed  and  displaced.  It  shows  19  vertebrae,  each  quadrate,  deeper 
than  long,  with  three  longitudinal  ridges  and  grooves,  the  neural  and 
haemal  spines  rapidly  shortened  behind. 

For  purposes  of  comparison  we  add  the  following  notes  on  living 
species : 


ZAPH  LEGES  23 

SCOMBEROMORUS  MACULATus  (Mitchill).  Vertebrae  47,  rather  deeper 
than  long,  moderately  grooved.  Interhaemals  15,  short,  straight,  parallel, 
close-set,  a  little  more  than  Va  depth  of  body  above  anal  fin.  Tail  with 
neural  spines ;  teeth,  12  -{-  12  in  each  jaw,  wide-set,  compressed,  those  in 
front  smaller  but  not  crowded.  Maxillary  half  head  or  a  bit  more. 
Postorbital  part  of  head  a  little  shorter  than  eye  and  snout;  opercle  very 
short,  2l/4  in  postorbital  part  of  head.  Dorsal  spines  slender,  low,  well 
spaced.  Second  dorsal  inserted  nearer  opercle  than  caudal. 

This  species  is  closely  related  to  SCOMBEROMORUS  REGALIS  (Bloch)  = 
S.  PLUMIERI  Lacepede,  the  type  of  the  genus  SCOMBEROMORUS  of  which 
(Lacepede),  type  of  CYBIUM  from  the  Philippines,  is  an  exact  synonym. 
SCOMBEROMORUS  COMMERSONI  has  the  interhaemals  strong,  straight,  paral- 
lel, %  depth  of  body;  teeth  on  each  side  12,  subequal,  much  compressed. 
SCOMBEROMORUS  CA VALLA  (Cuvier  and  Valenciennes),  the  big  kingfish  of 
the  Florida  Keys,  has  the  interhaemals  similar  but  shorter,  14  depth  of 
body ;  teeth  12  on  each  side,  much  compressed,  subequal. 

Family  ZAPHLEGID^ 
Zaphleges  Jordan,  new  genus. 

(Type  ZAPHLEGES  LONGURIO  Jordan.) 

Body  elongate,  symmetrically  formed,  much  as  in  SPHYR^ENA;  head 
moderately  elongate ;  mouth  large ;  teeth  rather  small,  slender,  conical, 
pointed,  somewhat  spaced,  about  60  on  the  side  of  the  lower  jaw;  teeth 
in  upper  jaw  and  roof  of  mouth  obliterated ;  no  evidence  of  canines ;  ver- 
tebrae small,  slender,  longer  than  deep,  about  54  in  number ;  interneurals 
strong ;  interhaemals  obliterated ;  dorsal  fins  separate,  the  first  not  far 
behind  head,  of  about  9  slender  spines ;  soft  dorsal  rather  long,  not  ele- 
vated ;  anal  apparently  similar,  inserted  behind  its  front,  with  two  slender 
spines;  pectorals  moderate,  inserted  opposite  middle  of  opercle;  ventrals 
directly  below  pectorals ;  their  rays  apparently  I,  5 ;  caudal  fin  large,  well 
forked,  with  short,  strong  basal  rays  like  fulcra ;  scales  cycloid,  of  mod- 
erate size,  the  number  probably  about  60,  but  no  accurate  count  possible. 
This  genus  resembles  the  section  of  elongate  APOGONID^:,  DINOLES- 
TES,  SCOMBROPS,  and  TELESCOPIAS.  But,  with  many  vertebrae,  it  has  no 
near  affinity  to  any  of  these,  and  the  teeth,  so  far  as  preserved,  are  small 
and  equal.  The  resemblances  to  the  herring  on  the  one  hand  and  to 
the  mackerels  on  the  other  are  fallacious.  From  ATHERINID/E  and  SPHY- 
R^ENID/E  it  differs  in  the  strictly  thoracic  ventrals.  Its  vertebrae  are  much 
more  numerous  than  in  any  of  these  forms.  (ZacpXeyng,  full  of  fire,  vig- 
orous.) 


24  FOSSIL    FISHES   OF    LOMPOC 

9.  Zaphleges  longurio  Jordan,  new  species. 
(Plate  XIII) 

Type  No.  100,  a  very  fine  example,  18V2  inches  long,  showing  the 
entire  fish,  the  head  crushed,  the  first  dorsal,  ventrals,  anal,  and  ribs 
injured. 

Head  3%  in  length  to  base  of  caudal ;  depth  61/4 ;  head  moderate, 
rather  pointed ;  half  of  lower  jaw  preserved ;  this  with  about  60  slender, 
pointed  teeth  apparently  in  one  row,  rather  small  anteriorly;  no  trace 
of  canines;  part  of  gill  arches  with  fringes  preserved;  bones  of  head 
apparently  all  entire. 

First  dorsal  inserted  not  far  behind  head,  somewhat  displaced  in 
the  type ;  8  or  9  slender,  low,  close-set  spines  preserved ;  one  or  two  longer 
detached  spines  preserved  behind  it,  these  probably  not  belonging  to 
this  fish.  Soft  dorsal  of  about  25  slender  rays,  the  anterior  longest ;  anal 
fin  detached,  partly  obliterated,  the  interhaemals  all  lost ;  first  two  rays 
apparently  short,  slender  spines ;  about  12  rays  preserved,  its  insertion 
behind  front  of  soft  dorsal ;  caudal  fin  very  long  and  strong,  well  forked, 
its  lobes  equal,  exceeding  depth  of  body,  outer  rays  much  shorter,  like 
fulcra,  the  number  9,  10  — 10,  9,  the  peduncle  not  very  slender,  with 
strong  neural  and  haemal  spines  on  each  vertebra.  Pectoral  fin  inserted 
opposite  curve  of  opercle,  rather  broad  and  shortish,  of  16  to  18  rays,  the 
fin  not  symmetrical,  the  lower  rays  rapidly  shortened.  Ventrals  inserted 
just  below  pectorals,  largely  obliterated. 

Vertebrae  about  54,  slender,  constricted,  longer  than  deep ;  the  neural 
and  haemal  spines  rather  strong;  ribs  lost;  interneurals  of  soft  dorsal 
long,  rather  strong,  and  very  oblique. 

Scales  preserved  in  various  parts  of  the  body,  rather  small,  cycloid 
(apparently  about  60  in  a  row). 

Note  on  ZELOSIS  Jordan  and  Gilbert,  new  genus :  Type  CLUPEA  HAD- 
LEYI  Jordan  and  Gilbert  (Fossil  Fishes  of  Southern  California,  p.  29). 
The  fish  described  by  us  a  CLUPEA  HADLEYI  is  certainly  not  a  true  herring, 
and  it  bears  a  striking  resemblance  to  ZAPHLEGES  LONGURIO  in  its  general 
form,  squamation,  vertebral  column,  and  rudimentary  caudal  rays.  But  its 
ventral  fins  are  plainly  abdominal  (not  clearly  shown  in  the  plate),  there 
is  no  trace  of  spinous  dorsal,  the  caudal  fin  is  much  smaller  with  much 
shorter  caudal  peduncle.  The  dorsal  and  anal  fins  are  far  back  and  op- 
posite each  other  as  shown  by  the  interspinals.  It  may  be  made  type  of 
a  genus  ZELOSIS  (ZsXom?,  imitation). 

(Plate  XXIX) 


AR^OSTEUS  25 

Family  ZAPRORID-ffi  (?) 

Araeosteus  Jordan  and  Gilbert,  new  genus. 

(Type:  AR^OSTEUS  ROTHI  Jordan  and  Gilbert.) 

Body  elongate,  rather  robust.  Head  unknown,  the  bones  striate ;  ver- 
tebrae about  43,  slender,  hour-glass  shaped,  not  grooved.  Interneurals 
and  interhsemals  moderate,  very  oblique;  dorsal  fin  of  30  to  40  rays,  all 
simple  and  flexible,  subequal,  the  fin  continuous;  anal  with  about  15 
rays  all  simple ;  other  fins  lost. 

The  location  of  this  genus  is  uncertain.  In  its  vertebral  column  it 
resembles  some  COTTID.E.  The  dorsal  fin  has  analogies  among  the  dolphin- 
like  fishes  and  among  the  allies  of  the  blennies.  But  on  the  whole  the  long 
series  of  simple  rays  suggests  most  strongly  the  Pacific  Coast  genus, 
ZAPRORA  Jordan.  Nothing,  however,  is  known  of  the  vertebral  column 
of  the  very  rare  type  of  that  genus,  ZAPRORA  SILENUS  Jordan,  thus  far 
found  only  about  Vancouver  Island.  The  affinities  of  ZAPRORA  are  not 
yet  determined. 

On  the  whole,  it  seems  safest  to  assume  that  AR^OSTEUS  is  an  ally 
of  ZAPRORA,  which  is  probably  a  last  relic  of  a  disappearing  group. 

(Analog,  slender;  oateov,  bone.) 

10.  Araeosteus  rothi  Jordan  and  Gilbert,  new  genus  and  species. 
(Plate  XIV) 

Type  No.  315.  Part  of  a  fish  10  inches  long  to  end  of  anal,  the  head 
crushed,  showing  strong  striae  on  opercles.  Head  3^/2  to  end  of  anal ; 
depth  4%;  vertebrae  slender,  not  grooved,  hour-glass  shaped,  10+  (7) 
+  13  to  middle  of  anal,  probably  about  43  in  all.  First  dorsal  of  15  to 
20  slender  spines,  rather  wide  set.  Second  with  15  to  20  slender  rays,  ap- 
parently simple,  no  sign  of  branching  anywhere.  No  evidence  that  the 
spines  and  soft  rays  are  differentiated.  The  last  rays  certainly  and  per- 
haps some  intervening  spines  are  lost.  The  fin  was  most  likely  continuous. 
Interneurals  moderate,  oblique,  in  pairs.  Interhaemals  very  oblique,  rather 
strong,  the  fin  inserted  far  behind  front  of  soft  dorsal.  Anal  showing 
about  15  rays,  all  simple.  Some  or  all  of  interhsemals  and  interneurals  in 
pairs,  two  springing  from  one  neural  or  one  haemal,  one  or  often  two  be- 
tween each  two  interhaemals  and  interneurals,  mostly  longer  than  the 
haemals  and  neurals  ;  ribs  slender,  very  oblique. 

This  seems  to  be  the  same  as  No.  XI,  from  Lompoc,  an  indetermined 
specimen  figured  in  our  Fossil  Fishes  of  Southern  California.  (Named 
for  Almon  Edward  Roth  of  Stanford  University.) 


26  FOSSIL    FISHES   OF   LOMPOC 

Family  SERRANID^. 

Emmachaere  Jordan  and  Gilbert. 

(Type:  EMMACH^RE  RHACHITES  Jordan  and  Gilbert.) 

Allied  to  STEREOLEPIS  Ayres,  but  with  stronger  dorsal  spines.  Body 
robust,  the  depth  about  equal  to  length  of  head,  nearly  three  times  in 
length  to  base  of  caudal ;  caudal  region  tapering  rather  rapidly.  Mouth 
large,  the  lower  jaw  projecting,  the  teeth  bluntish,  in  broad  bands,  no 
serrations  or  spines  on  head  as  far  as  known.  Vertebrae  24,  strong,  about 
as  deep  as  long,  strongly  grooved;  spinal  bones,  strong  and  with  inter- 
neurals  dagger-shaped  (dilated  at  base).  Dorsal  rays  X,  I,  16,  the  fin 
deeply  notched,  the  spines  very  strong,  the  median  longest,  2*/2  in  head ; 
soft  dorsal  with  its  base  about  equal  to  that  of  the  spinous  part,  its 
base  nearly  horizontal,  the  rays  about  as  long  as  the  spines.  Anal  III, 
8  or  9,  the  second  spine  strongest,  but  not  longer  than  third.  Caudal 
broad,  subtruncate,  with  large  hypurals  and  no  median  split.  Ventrals  I, 
5  inserted  just  before  pectorals ;  pectoral  broad  and  rounded,  unsymmet- 
rical.  The  broken  specimen  on  which  this  genus  was  based  ( 1919)  is  now 
supplemented  by  two  large  examples. 

11.  Emmachaere  rhachites  Jordan  and  Gilbert. 
(Plates  XV,  XVI) 

Our  best  example  (No.  220)  is  \9y2  inches  long;  complete  except 
for  the  crushed  head.  Head  3%  in  length ;  depth  about  the  same ;  form 
robust,  tapering  posteriorly.  Vertebrae  94-15  =  24,  rather  strong,  about 
as  deep  as  long,  somewhat  constricted,  with  a  strong  double  groove  on  the 
lower  side  of  each ;  neurals  and  hsemals  strong,  even ;  interneurals  of 
spinous  dorsal  almost  as  long  as  neurals,  dagger-shaped,  one  between  each 
pair  of  neurals,  dilated  at  base,  those  of  soft  dorsal  much  smaller,  also 
shorter,  mostly  two  between  each  pair  of  neurals;  interhaemals  strong, 
the  anterior  very  long,  dagger-shaped,  the  second  somewhat  enlarged,  one 
between  each  pair  of  haemals ;  ribs  small. 

Lower  jaw  strong,  apparently  projecting,  2%  in  head,  with  moderate 
rather  broad  bands  of  teeth  preserved;  sides  of  head  with  imprints  of 
rather  large  scales.  Dorsal  fin  continuous,  deeply  notched,  the  first  of 
10  strong  spines,  the  median  longest,  about  2y2  in  head.  Soft  dorsal  with 
its  base  scarcely  longer  than  that  of  the  spinous  part,  with  a  slender  spine 
and  15  or  16  soft  rays,  its  base  nearly  horizontal,  the  rays  about  as  long 
as  the  spines.  Anal  inserted  slightly  behind  soft  dorsal,  its  three  spines 
strong,  the  second  strongest,  about  as  long  as  third.  Spines  graduated, 
the  rays  about  III,  8  or  9 ;  base  of  anal  somewhat  shorter  than  that  of 


EMMACH^RE  27 

soft  dorsal.  Caudal  broad,  not  forked,  apparently  subtruncate ;  hypurals 
broad,  without  open  median  space  behind.  Ventrals  I,  5,  inserted 
just  before  pectorals,  the  fin  well  developed.  Pectoral  rays  about  16,  the 
fin  broad  and  rounded,  a  little  more  than  half  head,  unsymmetrical,  the 
upper  rays  longest. 

A  second  specimen  (No.  311)  shows  the  side  of  a  large  fish,  the 
part  preserved  17  inches  long,  head  crushed.  Vertebrae  about  24,  strong, 
constricted  and  grooved.  Anterior  neurals  very  strong.  Dorsal  deeply 
notched,  apparently  X,  I,  15,  the  spines  very  strong,  the  longest  2%  in 
depth ;  a  strong  imprint  marks  the  second  spine,  much  stouter,  though 
shorter,  than  third,  with  long,  stout,  dagger-shaped  interneurals  dilated 
at  base ;  soft  rays  lower,  but  high.  Second  dorsal  spine  twice  height  of 
last.  Anal  probably  about  III,  10,  the  spines  broken.  Soft  dorsal  inter- 
neurals mostly  double.  Body  formed  like  a  large  bass.  Depth  a  little 
more  than  length  of  spinous  dorsal.  Soft  dorsal  and  anal  with  the  base 
nearly  horizontal,  not  set  obliquely  as  in  BANJOS  and  HAPALOGENYS. 

This  fish  must  belong  to  the  SERRANID^:,  though  having  stronger 
dorsal  spines  than  any  living  species.  It  may  be  nearest  STEREOLEPIS,  the 
giant  bass  or  Jewfish  of  Japan  and  California,  but  the  spines  are  stronger 
and  the  anal  fin  longer  than  in  that  genus,  the  ventrals  farther  forward. 

Family  SPARID^E. 
Rhythmias  Jordan  and  Gilbert,  new  genus. 

(Type:  RHYTHMIAS  STARRII  Jordan  and  Gilbert.) 
A  genus  of  SPARID.E,  having  the  broad-elliptical  form  of  the  living 
genus  LAGODON.  Head  rather  large,  obtuse,  the  upper  profile  evenly  curved, 
its  length  nearly  3  in  body ;  depth  about  2y2.  Mouth  and  teeth  unknown ; 
bones  of  head  apparently  without  spines  or  serrations.  Vertebrae  about  25, 
small,  longer  than  broad,  the  spines  even ;  interneurals  short  and  slender, 
dilated  at  base,  one  or  sometimes  two  between  each  pair  of  neurals  ;  second 
interhaemal  somewhat  enlarged. 

Dorsal  fin  low,  continuous,  scarcely  notched,  the  rays  about  XIII, 
12  or  13;  no  antrorse  spine  before  first  spine;  middle  spines  highest;  anal 
rays  about  III,  8,  the  second  spine  strong  and  curved,  higher  than  third 
or  than  the  soft  rays ;  pectorals  narrow ;  ventrals  thoracic,  inserted  just 
behind  pectorals.  Caudal  I,  5,  forked,  the  lobes  very  long.  Scales 
unknown. 

This  genus  is  no  doubt  an  ally  of  SPARUS,  but  its  exact  position  can- 
not be  determined  until  the  teeth  can  be  examined.  The  caudal  fin  is  larger 
than  in  any  living  sparoid  fish.  (pvdfrn,  symmetry). 


28  FOSSIL    FISHES   OF    LOMPOC 

12.  Rhythmias  starrii  Jordan  and  Gilbert,  new  species. 
(Plate  XVII) 

The  type  (No.  175),  7%  inches  long,  shows  the  whole  fish,  the 
head,  however,  badly  damaged  and  the  fins  imperfect. 

Head  rather  large  and  blunt,  2%  in  length  to  base  of  caudal ;  depth 
2%;  upper  profile  forming  an  even  curve  from  snout  to  caudal;  snout 
rather  blunt ;  mouth  broken,  apparently  small ;  eye  moderate,  as  long  as 
snout  and  apparently  4  in  head;  no  spines  on  head;  vertebrae  10  -f-  15  = 
25,  small,  longer  than  broad,  with  two  narrow  grooves,  neural  and  haemal 
spines  moderate,  directed  evenly  upward  and  backward;  interneurals 
slender,  dilated  at  base ;  second  interhaemal  enlarged.  Dorsal  fin  low,  con- 
tinuous, scarcely  notched,  the  spines  XIII,  the  middle  ones  a  little  the 
highest;  the  first  dorsal  spine  over  second  vertebra,  the  rays  not  to  be 
counted.  Anal  low,  with  the  second  spine  strong,  curved,  apparently 
higher  than  any  soft  rays;  pectoral  obliterated;  ventrals  displaced,  ap- 
parently I,  5:  caudal  injured,  its  outline  apparently  lunate;  no  scales 
preserved. 

The  species  is  named  for  Mr.  Edward  B.  Starr  of  the  Celite  Prod- 
ucts Company  of  Lompoc. 

A  similar  specimen  is  No.  43,  10  inches  long,  12^2  in  life,  the  side  of 
a  large  porgy,  without  head.  Depth  2^  in  body  from  gill  opening  to  base 
of  caudal  about  as  long  as  deep,  each  with  a  conspicuous  median  groove 
(ridge)  :  10+15  =  25  (probably  24)  preserved;  neurals  slender,  similar 
to  the  haemals ;  interneurals  small,  those  posteriorly  double  or  divided. 

"Dorsal  fin  continuous,  somewhat  notched,  10  rather  slender  spines 
present,  the  fourth  longest,  about  3%  in  depth  of  body ;  soft  dorsal  ap- 
parently short,  its  rays  obliterated ;  probably  not  over  10  in  number. 

Anal  with  three  spines,  the  second  and  third  about  equal,  the  rays 
apparently  not  more  than  8;  second  interhaemal  a  little  enlarged,  rather 
longer  than  its  spine,  which  is  shorter  than  longest  dorsal  spine  and  3% 
in  body.  Caudal  very  long,  forked,  its  lobes  1%  in  depth  of  body.  Ven- 
trals just  behind  pectorals,  I,  5,  well  developed ;  pectorals  rather  narrow, 
crushed. 

This  specimen  seems  to  have  the  dorsal  spines  rather  higher  than 
in  the  type,  and  the  anal  spine  smaller.  This  difference  may  be  due  to 
imperfections  in  preservation. 

Another  (22A)  is  in  poor  condition,  13  inches  long.  Interneurals 
small,  oblique,  those  of  first  dorsal  moderate,  one  for  each  pair  of 
neurals,  each  vertebra  with  two  narrow  ridges  and  three  grooves.  Verte- 
brae 24,  strongly  grooved.  Dorsal  with  10  to  12  low  spines  preserved, 
and  15  to  20  low  soft  rays.  Anal  about  III,  18,  the  second  spine  longest 
but  still  short :  caudal  long,  subtruncate.  Spinous  dorsal  with  rather 


FLECTRITES  29 

long  and  strong  interneurals.  Second  dorsal  with  interneurals  short 
and  weak.  Ventrals  well  developed,  with  a  strong  spine,  inserted  well 
behind  pectorals,  but  attached  to  a  very  strong  and  long  pelvic  bone. 
Pectorals  moderate.  Head  obliterated. 

Five  more  specimens,  since  examined,  are  without  antrorse  dorsal 
spine,  the  sole  character  by  which  PLECTRITES  can  be  separated  from 
RHYTHMIAS.  But  in  no  case  are  we  sure  that  it  was  actually  absent. 

Plectrites  Jordan,  new  genus. 
(Type:  PLECTRITES  CLASSENI  Jordan). 

Spariform  fishes  with  a  sharp  horizontal  spur  directed  forward,  at 
the  base  of  the  first  dorsal  spine.  Body  elliptical,  compressed,  rather 
deep.  Head  not  preserved,  the  depth  of  body  about  3^  in  length  to  base 
of  caudal.  Vertebrae  about  30,  deeper  than  long,  slightly  grooved,  neural 
strong;  interneurals  straight,  not  expanded  at  base,  those  in  front  well 
separated,  two  or  three  for  each  pair  of  neurals ;  those  under  soft  dorsal 
short,  close-set,  parallel,  two  or  three  for  each  pair  of  neurals  ;  interhaemals 
all  short  and  weak. 

Dorsal  continuous,  scarcely  notched;  the  rays  low,  D.  XII,  I,  11. 
Anal  opposite  soft  dorsal.  Other  fins  lost. 

13.  Plectrites  classeni  Jordan,  new  species. 
(Plate  XVIII) 

Type  No.  313,  part  of  side  of  fish,  8^2  inches  long.  Body  regularly 
elliptical,  compressed,  deepest  mesially.  Depth  about  3% ;  head  lost,  ver- 
tebrae about  25,  deeper  than  long,  slightly  grooved ;  neurals  rather  strong, 
interneurals  straight,  not  expanded  at  base,  those  in  front  well  separated, 
those  under  second  dorsal  close  together,  short  and  parallel. 

Dorsal  with  a  sharp  antrorse  spine  at  base  of  first  spine  and  almost 
as  long.  It  is  attached  at  the  base  of  the  first  spine  and  to  the  same  inter- 
neural.  Dorsal  spines  thirteen.  The  first  spine  ^4  length  of  fourth,  the 
rest  shortened  behind,  connected  closely  with  second  dorsal,  which  is  low, 
even,  with  slender  rays.  D.  XII,  I,  11. 

Anal  opposite  soft  dorsal,  its  interhaemals  all  short  and  weak ;  ven- 
trals  and  pectorals  lost;  a  few  moderate  scales.  This  fish  has  the  dorsal 
fin  and  its  antrorse  spine  much  as  in  the  SPAROID  genera,  STENOTOMUS 
(STENESTHES)  and  LAGODON.  The  presence  of  this  spine  with  a  rather 
more  elongate  body  alone  separates  this  genus  from  RHYTHMIAS.  The 
antrorse  dorsal  spine  is  found  also  in  AMBASSIS,  SCATOPHAGUS,  ACAN- 
THURUS  and  SIGANUS,  but  the  present  genus  is  evidently  sparoid. 

The  species  is  named  for  its  discoverer,  Mr.  WILLARD  J.  CLASSEN  of 
Stanford  University. 


30  FOSSIL    FISHES   OF    LOMPOC 


Family 
14.  Lompoquia  retropes  Jordan  and  Gilbert. 

(Plate  XIX.) 

Only  the  original  type  yet  found.  The  body  is  largely  covered  with 
small,  thin  scales,  smaller  below.  Vertebrae  14  +  10,  as  in  CYNOSCION, 
its  nearest  living  relative. 

Lompochites  Jordan,  new  genus. 
(Type:  LOMPOCHITES  HOPKINSI  Jordan.) 

A  long  and  slender  fish,  apparently  belonging  to  the  SCI^NID^:,  but 
quite  as  likely  a  CARANGOID.  Head  about  4  in  length,  the  depth  41/£; 
mouth  rather  large,  the  teeth  unknown.  Vertebrae  14+10  =  24,  little 
constricted  and  with  a  broad  ridge  between  two  grooves.  Neurals  and 
hasmals  slender;  interneurals  slender  and  sharp,  one  for  each  neural 
anteriorly,  two  between  each  pair  posteriorly,  these  shorter  and  more 
oblique,  interhsemals  stronger,  forked,  one  for  each  pair  of  hsemals. 

Dorsal  fins  separated;  the  rays  about  XII,  20,  the  first  short,  the 
second  long  and  low.  Anal  apparently  II,  18;  ventrals  inserted  well  be- 
hind pectoral,  much  as  in  LOMPOQUIA.  Caudal  lost;  no  scales  preserved. 

15.  Lompochites  hopkinsi  Jordan,  new  species. 

Type  No.  101,  a  shadowy  impression  of  a  large  fish,  complete  but 
very  faint,  ten  inches  long  to  base  of  caudal.  A  long,  slender  fish,  the 
head  4%  in  length  ;  depth  4%  ;  the  head  rather  long  and  low,  the  mouth 
apparently  rather  large,  the  maxillary  perhaps  reaching  front  of  eye; 
bones  of  head  obscure,  except  that  one  gill  arch  is  uncovered  showing  the 
prints  of  its  fringes  ;  vertebras  longer  than  deep,  10  -j-  14,  little  con- 
stricted; with  a  broad  rounded  median  ridge  between  two  grooves,  not 
showing  the  two  narrow  ridges  and  three  grooves  so  evident  in  the  type 
of  LOMPOQUIA  RETROPES. 

Neural  and  haemal  spines  slender,  even  ;  ribs  evident  ;  dorsal  appar- 
ently divided,  the  first  dorsal  short,  of  10  to  12  slender  spines  ;  soft  (dorsal 
long  and  low,  of  15  to  20  slender  rays;  first  dorsal  inserted  behind 
ventrals  over  the  fifth  vertebra,  its  interneurals  springing  from  the  third  ; 
anal  apparently  with  two  small  spines  and  about  18  rays;  caudal  lost; 


LOMPOCHITES  31 

pectoral  mostly  obliterated;  ventrals  inserted  well  behind  it,  just  before 
first  dorsal  spine  with  a  long  pelvic  bone,  much  as  in  LOMPOQUIA  RETROPES. 

A  renewed  study  indicates  that  LOMPOCHITES  may  be  one  of  the 
CARANGID^E;  perhaps  nearest  ELAGATIS. 

Named  for  Mr.  Timothy  Hopkins,  founder  of  the  Hopkins  Marine 
Station. 


Family 

Rixator  Jordan  and  Gilbert,  new  genus. 
(Type:  RIXATOR  PORTEOUSI  Jordan  and  Gilbert.) 

The  species  described  below  as  RIXATOR  PORTEOUSI  would  certainly 
come  under  the  head  of  SEBASTODES  as  defined  by  Jordan  and  Evermann. 
But  that  genus  covers  a  great  variety  of  forms  and  must  be  subdivided, 
and  the  present  species  is  allied  to  the  type-group. 

The  following  generic  characters  are  shown  by  R.  PORTEOUSI  :  Body 
rather  elongate,  compressed,  the  back  straight,  scarcely  arched,  with  a 
very  large  head,  3  in  length,  the  depth  about  4*4  ;  mouth  large,  the  cleft 
extending  beyond  eye  ;  larger  than  in  SEBASTOSOMUS  and  ROSICOLA  ;  lower 
jaw  prominent,  with  bands  of  even,  pointed  teeth. 

Vertebrae  24  (25),  large,  mostly  longer  than  deep,  strongly  grooved; 
neurals  and  hsemals  strong;  interneurals  long  and  strong,  expanded  or 
dagger-shaped  at  base,  especially  anteriorly,  one  and  sometimes  two  pos- 
teriorly between  each  pair  of  neurals.  Interhaemals  small,  slender,  and 
very  oblique  except  the  second,  which  is  robust  and  very  long,  half  head  ; 
two  or  three  set  irregularly  between  each  pair  of  haemals.  Dorsal  con- 
tinuous, deeply  notched,  its  rays  XII,  I,  13.  Anal  rays  III,  6,  or  possibly 
7,  the  second  spine  very  long  and  strong.  Pectorals  broad,  rounded. 
unsymmetrical.  Caudal  broad,  subtruncate,  the  hypural  plates  large, 
about  two  on  a  side,  with  an  open  median  split  which  separates  the  caudal 
rays  in  the  skeleton. 

Cranium  unknown  ;  armature  of  head  and  squamation  of  body,  with 
character  of  gill  rakers,  undetermined.  Among  living  forms  the  species 
in  question  is  certainly  nearest  typical  SEBASTODES,  but  the  second  anal 
spine  and  its  interhaemal  are  greatly  enlarged. 

In  SEBASTODES  proper  the  cranial  ridges  are  very  small,  mostly  with- 
out spines  at  tip,  the  jaws  unequal  ;  the  cranium  thick,  very  broad  between 
the  eyes,  somewhat  convex  ;  scales  moderate  ;  gill  rakers  long  and  slender. 
Vertebrae  24,  besides  the  small  vertebra  which  forms  the  base  of  the  ex- 
panded hypural  ;  the  vertebrae,  especially  the  mesial  ones,  notably  longer 
than  deep;  parietal  bones  not  meeting.  Anal  inserted  under  middle  of 


32  FOSSIL    FISHES   OF    LOMPOC 

soft  dorsal,  its  rays  II,  9  to  III,  12.  In  SEBASTODES  the  anal  spines  are 
quite  small,  with  small  second  interhsemal,  and  the  anal  fin  has  more  rays 
than  in  related  forms. 

This  genus,  RIXATOR  (no  cranial  characters  being  available)  seems 
to  differ  from  ROSICOLA  Jordan  and  Evermann  in  the  very  long  second 
anal  spine  and  weaker  skeleton.  From  the  less  nearly  related  SEBASTO- 
MUS  Gill  (ROSACEUS),  with  which  it  agrees  in  these  regards,  it  is  sep- 
arated by  the  smaller  number  of  vertebrae,  24  (25)  instead  of  27.  Those 
who  choose  may  regard  ROSICOLA  and  RIXATOR  alike  as  sections  of  SE- 
BASTODES. 

The  genus  RHOMARCHUS  (ENSIGER),  described  by  us  in  1919,  seems 
related  rather  to  SCORP^ENA  than  to  these  SEBASTINE  forms.  It  has  much 
stronger  dorsal  spines  and  the  second  anal  spine  still  longer.  The  count 
of  18  vertebrae  in  the  type  is  evidently  an  error,  some  six  of  the  body  ver- 
tebrae being  crushed. 

The  group  of  Rock-fish  or  Rock  Cod  (SEBASTINJE),  allies  of  the 
Rose-fish  (SEBASTES  MARINUS)  of  the  Atlantic,  forms  a  most  conspicuous 
feature  of  the  living  fish  fauna  of  both  shores  of  the  North  Pacific. 
About  fifty-three  species  are  known  from  the  American  shores  and 
twenty-two  others  from  Japan. 

These  fish  differ  enormously  among  themselves,  especially  in  cranial 
characters;  but  these  features  are  subject  to  a  variety  of  intergradations 
defying  all  attempts  at  sharp  division.  All  possess  thirteen  dorsal  spines, 
three  anal  spines,  a  broad,  divided  hypural  plate,  and  small  rough  scales. 
These  facts  have  led  Jordan  and  his  associates,  Gilbert,  Evermann,  and 
Cramer,  to  refer  the  whole  assemblage  to  the  single  genus  SEBASTODES, 
characterized  by  the  presence  of  13  dorsal  spines  and  27  vertebrae.  Mean- 
while these  authors  have  recognized  the  groups  defined  by  Gill  and  by 
Eigenmann  as  subgenera. 

A  recent  study  of  these  fishes  made  by  Dr.  Jordan  at  Monterey  in- 
clines him  toward  a  revival  of  some  of  these  suppressed  genera,  especially 
of  the  groups  called  SEBASTODES,  ROSICOLA,  SEBASTOSOMUS,  SEBASTOMUS, 
HISPANISCUS,  PTEROPODUS  and  SEBASTICHTHYS. 

The  number  of  vertebrae  is  not  uniformly  27  as  supposed.  In  most 
of  the  species,  but  not  in  all,  the  number  is  27,  counting  the  smaller  one, 
which  forms  the  base  of  the  hypural  plate.  He  finds  27  (26  -}-  1)  verte- 
brae in  SEBASTOSOMUS  (MYSTINUS,  FLAVIDUS)  in  PTEROPODUS  (VEXILLARIS, 

ATROVIRENS,    NEBULOSUS,    CARNATUS    and    CHRYSOMELAS) ,    as    Well    as    in 

SEBASTOMUS  (ROSACEUS  and  CONSTELLATUS). 

But  in  the  species  called  SEBASTODES  (PAUCISPINIS,  GOODEI)  and 
ROSICOLA  (PINNIGER,  MINIATUS)  the  vertebrae  number  but  25,  including 
the  hypural  one.  The  elongate  form  of  the  body,  the  low,  straight  outline 


RIXATOR 


33 


of  the  back,  with  the  great  size  of  the  mouth,  the  small  anal  spine,  besides 
the  almost  spineless  cranium,  sufficiently  define  SEBASTODES. 

16.  Rixator  porteousi  Jordan  and  Gilbert,  new  species. 
(Plates  XXI,  XXII,  XXIII) 

Type  No.  300.  A  complete  large  fish  with  crushed  head,  18  inches 
long.  Head  very  large,  about  3  in  length,  depth  about  4*4  ;  maxillary  iy2 
in  head,  extending  to  just  beyond  eye;  orbit  3%  in  head;  snout  about 
3^4 ',  jaws  unequal,  the  lower  prominent,  both  with  small,  even,  close-set 
conical  teeth,  as  far  as  shown.  Form  relatively  elongate,  the  outline  of 
the  back  straight,  scarcely  arched. 

Vertebrae  10  +15  =  25,  rather  large  anteriorly,  as  deep  as  long, 
posteriorly  longer,  grooved;  neurals  and  hsemals  strong,  even;  interneu- 
rals  strong,  all  more  or  less  dagger-shaped,  expanded  at  base,  extending 
half  way  or  more  to  backbone. 

Interhsemals  much  smaller,  slender  and  very  oblique,  reaching  about 
one-third  distance  to  backbone,  the  second  interneural  excepted,  which  is 
robust  and  very  long,  very  oblique,  about  half  length  of  head,  and  equal  to 
depth  of  body  at  insertion  of  anal,  D.  XII,  I,  13,  A.  Ill,  7,  or  possibly  6. 
Dorsal  continuous,  deeply  notched,  with  12  strong  spines  in  its  first  part, 
the  third  spine  longest,  2%  in  depth  of  body,  the  first  spine  very  short. 
Second  dorsal  I,  13,  the  rays  high,  subequal,  about  as  high  as  longest 
spines,  the  second  strongest,  longer  than  third,  2  in  depth  of  body 
(broken  in  type),  first  spine  more  than  half  second,  the  fin  inserted  farther 
back  than  in  related  species,  nearly  under  middle  of  soft  dorsal,  about  as 
in  SEBASTODES. 

Pectorals  broad,  rounded,  very  long,  unsymmetrical,  of  about  18  rays, 
7y4  in  length  of  body,  nearly  %  of  head,  almost  as  long  as  in  ROSICOLA 
PIN  NIGER  ;  ventrals  lost ;  caudal  broken,  subtruncate,  rounded,  split  mesial- 
ly,  with  strong  hypurals,  about  3  on  each  side,  of  about  24  rays,  the  outer 
shortened ;  soft  rays  of  all  fins  much  branched.  No  bones  of  head  with 
serrate  edges.  No  trace  of  scales.  This  species  is  apparently  nearest  the 
living  SEBASTODES  GOODEI  Eigenmann.  It  differs  from  those  called  ROSI- 
COLA (PINNIGER,  MINIATUS)  in  the  larger  mouth,  straighter  back,  longer 
vertebrae  and  most  posterior  position  of  the  anal  fin. 

To  RIXATOR  PORTEOUSI  we  refer  two  smaller  examples,  which  differ 
from  the  type  only  in  the  very  slender  interneurals ;  a  matter  probably  of 
age. 

No.  243  is  a  small  fish,  lacking  the  head,  the  part  preserved  5 
inches  long,  of  depth  of  about  4y2  in  length  from  front  of  spinous  dorsal. 
Vertebrae  10  (7  preserved)  -f-  14  or  15  =  25,  slightly  longer  than  broad, 
especially  posteriorly ;  each  vertebra  somewhat  grooved ;  neurals  and 
haemals  moderate  :  interneurals  straight,  simple,  distinctly  expanded  at 


34  FOSSIL    FISHES   OF    LOMPOC 

base ;  interhaemals  small,  except  the  second,  which  is  much  enlarged,  bear- 
ing the  very  long,  curved  second  anal  spine,  the  length  of  which  is  greater 
than  depth  of  body  above  it. 

Head  large ;  body  oblong ;  the  back  scarcely  elevated ;  mouth  rather 
large,  with  sharp,  even  teeth ;  vertebrae  24  or  25,  small,  deeper  than  long, 
each  with  a  median  groove;  neural  and  haemal  spines  moderate;  inter- 
neurals  simple,  straight,  not  much  dilated,  those  under  soft  dorsal  smaller ; 
interhaemals,  except  the  second,  weak,  oblique.  Dorsal  continuous,  rather 
low,  deeply  notched,  the  rays  about  XII,  I,  13.  The  spines  strong,  the 
longest  spine  not  longer  than  those  next  to  it,  and  not  double  length  of 
next-to-last  spine;  last  spine  as  long  as  soft  rays,  which  taper  rapidly 
backward.  Dorsal  apparently  XII,  I,  3  or  4,  I,  14 ;  the  soft  rays  not  to  be 
counted;  anal  rays  III,  7,  the  number  uncertain.  Caudal  not  forked;  ven- 
trals  and  pectorals  detached  and  broken.  9 

No.  246.  Body  with  broken  head,  9  inches  long.  Vertebrae  apparent- 
ly 25 ;  depth  about  5 ;  head  about  314  in  length,  bones  all  entire,  neurals 
and  haemals  meeting  them  at  an  angle,  and  mostly  not  so  long.  Second 
interhaemals  very  long  and  strong;  interneurals  all  simple,  not  at  all  ex- 
panded at  base,  those  behind  quite  slender.  Dorsal  spines  XIII,  the  first 
small-one,  third  highest  1%  in  depth ;  fin  notched,  the  rays  XII,  I,  13  or  14. 
Anal  mostly  lost,  its  second  spine  enlarged,  its  oblique  interhaemal  ^  depth 
of  body.  Caudal  truncate,  mesially  divided,  the  number  of  soft  rays 
about  16.  This  specimen  is  finely  preserved. 

17.  Rixator  ineziae  Jordan,  new  species. 
(Plate  XXII,  fig.  2) 

Some  of  our  specimens  of  RIXATOR  seem  to  differ  from  the  type.  In 
R.  PORTEOUSI,  the  anal,  as  in  SEBASTODES,  is  inserted  posteriorly,  its  first 
spine  about  under  middle  of  soft  dorsal,  the  second  spine  usually  extend- 
ing beyond  the  soft  dorsal  rays ;  the  body  is  slender,  the  depth  at  front 
of  anal  about  equal  to  longest  dorsal  spine.  In  the  other  form,  which 
I  may  call  RIXATOR  INEZIAE,  the  anal  is  inserted  about  under  front  of  soft 
dorsal,  as  in  nearly  all  the  other  SEBASTINE  fishes,  its  long  spine  not  ex- 
tending beyond  dorsal,  and  the  depth  of  body  at  front  of  anal  more  than 
longest  dorsal  spine,  these  spines  rather  higher  than  in  R.  PORTEOUSI. 

Type  No.  45B,  7y2_  inches  long,  the  body  without  head,  the  whole  fish 
about  9  inches,  the  counterpart,  45 A,  similar  but  fractured.  Depth  1%  in 
distance  from  front  of  anal  to  caudal ;  about  3%  in  distance  from  snout  to 
base  of  caudal.  Vertebrae  10  -f  14  =  24,  constricted,  about  as  deep  as 
long,  with  a  median  groove ;  neural  and  haemal  spines  moderate,  straight ; 
interneurals  simple,  slender,  but  apparently  expanded  at  base. 

Dorsal  fin  continuous,  XII,  I,  14,  deeply  notched,  the  spines  high, 
slender,  stiff;  13  present  (12  in  the  duplicate),  these  much  higher  than 


RIXATOR  35 

the  soft  rays,  which  number  about  14,  and  nearly  equal  to  depth  of  body. 
The  anterior  soft  rays  are  high,  the  posterior  rather  rapidly  shortened; 
anal  with  the  second  interhsemal  very  strong,  more  than  half  depth  of 
body,  supporting  the  very  strong  curved  second  spine,  which  is  twice  the 
first  spine  and  longer  than  the  third,  %  depth  of  body,  as  long  as  dorsal 
spines.  Seven  soft  rays  preserved,  these  rapidly  shortened  behind;  pec- 
torals very  broad,  of  about  twenty  rays,  broken  behind;  ventrals  just 
below  them,  apparently  I,  5.  Caudal  fin  large,  subtruncate ;  hypural 
rather  broad ;  no  trace  of  scales. 

No.  341,  whole  small  fish  with  broken  head,  7l/±  inches.  Vertebrae 
24,  a  little  longer  than  deep,  each  with  3  grooves ;  caudal  lost,  ventrals 
I,  5,  under  broad  pectorals.  D.  XII,  I,  12  or  13,  an  accurate  count.  A.  Ill, 
about  8.  Dorsal  spines  high.  Second  anal  spine  large,  with  strong  inter- 
haemal. 

No.  76.  Fragment,  showing  some  dorsal  spines  and  large  anal  spine. 

No.  310.     Pectoral  and  ventral  fins  of  a  large  fish. 

No.  323.    Eight  spines  of  the  first  dorsal,  with  a  few  vertebrae. 

No.  141.  The  head  and  part  of  the  body  7  inches  long,  preserved 
in  counterpart,  the  total  length  about  10  inches ;  seems  to  belong  to 
RIXATOR  INEZI^E. 

Head  large,  as  long  as  body  from  gill  opening  to  front  of  anal  fin ; 
jaws  long,  apparently  subequal,  armed  with  small,  sharp,  even  teeth. 
Maxillary  about  reaching  front  of  eye,  and  apparently  3  in  head;  preo- 
percle  apparently  entire ;  opercle  large,  nearly  smooth,  without  evident 
spine;  upper  part  of  head  crushed;  greatest  depth  of  body  1%  in  length 
of  head. 

Body  vertebrae  14  to  front  of  soft  anal ;  7  present  behind  these  ;  3  or  4 
lost,  the  actual  number  probably  10  -f-  14  or  15  =  25  ;  vertebrae  small, 
deeper  than  long,  each  with  a  median  groove  with  moderate  neural  and 
haemal  spines ;  ribs  rather  short ;  interneurals  simple,  straight,  directed 
slightly  backward  and  with  a  thin  wing;  those  of  soft  dorsal  smaller, 
scarcely  winged  or  "dagger-shaped" ;  interhaemals  weak.  Dorsal  fin 
deeply  notched,  XIII,  I,  13,  but  continuous,  the  anterior  part  of  12  spines, 
the  third  being  longest,  21/4  in  head ;  last  spine  a  little  longer  than  first, 
4%  in  head ;  first  dorsal  spine  close  behind  head,  attached  to  first  inter- 
neural.  First  ray  of  second  dorsal  a  slender  spine,  2^4  in  head ;  the  first 
soft  ray  high,  the  others  progressively  shorter  to  the  last,  which  is  not 
Vi  the  longest ;  anal  inserted  behind  soft  dorsal,  its  rays  damaged ;  the 
spines  lost,  although  a  trace  of  a  strong  interhaemal  is  present,  with  a 
mark  below  it,  a  trace  perhaps  of  the  second  spine.  Pectoral  very  broad, 
the  rays  15  or  more,  the  fin  2%  in  head;  ventral  fins  lost.  Some  traces 
of  small  scales  on  side  of  head. 


36  FOSSIL    FISHES   OF    LOMPOC 

Family  HEXAGRAMMID^. 

18.  Hexagrammos  achrestus  Jordan  and  Gilbert. 
(Plate  XIX) 

The  original  type  of  this  species  is  from  Lompoc.  The  block  on 
which  it  occurs  was  unfortunately  cut  in  two  just  before  the  middle  of 
the  body.  The  parts  remaining  agree  with  the  genus  HEXAGRAMMOS. 

Another  block  (No.  301),  with  counterpart,  was  also  secured.  This 
represents  10  inches  taken  from  a  larger  fish,  and  further  forward,  the 
species  apparently  the  same ;  the  only  difference  we  notice  is  that  in  the 
type  of  H.  ACHRESTUS  the  slender  interneurals  are  thrust  between  the 
neurals,  while  in  the  present  specimen  they  meet  nearly  tip  to  tip.  This  is 
probably  due  to  the  fact  that  No.  301  shows  the  spinous  dorsal  fin,  while 
the  type  (No.  CXL)  shows  mainly  the  soft  dorsal. 

In  No.  301  the  head  is  crushed;  the  pectoral  rounded,  very  wide, 
with  about  18  rays,  scarcely  procurrent  below.  Vertebrae  very  large, 
deeply  grooved,  deeper  than  long;  16  shown,  the  pectoral  reaching  eighth  ; 
neurals  simple,  strong,  slightly  longer  than  interneurals,  which  are  simple, 
straight,  sharp,  and  well  spaced,  one  interneural  for  each  neural  and 
meeting  its  neural  squarely.  Dorsal  spines  beginning  over  opercle,  mod- 
erate, slender,  well  spaced,  16  of  them  apparent.  Opercles  apparently 
entire.  Total  number  of  vertebrae  probably  about  45  to  50.  In  living 
species  of  HEXAGRAMMOS  (DECAGRAMMUS,  SUPERCILIOSUS)  there  are 
50  to  52. 

Family  OPHIODONTID^E. 

19.  Ozymandias  gilberti  Jordan. 
(Plate  XXIV) 

No.  332  is  part  of  the  large  fish  supposed  to  be  OZYMANDIAS  GILBERTI 
Jordan  (Fossil  Fishes  of  Southern  California,  p.  44,  pi.  XXI).  It  con- 
sists of  a  fragment,  8V2  inches  long,  with  12  large  quadrate  vertebrae 
from  near  the  head,  with  their  appendages.  Vertebrae  without  ridges  or 
grooves  on  the  side,  the  median  portion  on  each  side  a  little  prominent. 
The  neurals  are  strong,  directed  well  backward,  well  separated,  with  two 
dagger-shaped  interneurals  between  each  pair  below  first  dorsal ;  these 
corresponded  to  a  long  first  dorsal  fin  of  a  dozen  rays  or  more ;  ribs  well 
separated,  very  strong,  curved  strongly  backward,  each  as  long  as  six 
vertebrae.  Body  of  even  depth,  the  dorsal  and  ventral  outlines  seeming 
straight. 

A  broad,  shortish  pectoral  fin  of  12  to  15  rays  detached  from  body, 
on  side  of  belly. 


OZYMANDIAS  37 

It  is  not  certain  that  this  specimen  belongs  to  OZYMANDIAS,  nor  is  it 
clear  in  what  family  it  should  be  placed.  The  vertebrae  and  interneural 
structures  agree  very  closely  with  those  of  the  living  genus  OPHIODON 
Girard  (O.  ELONGATUS),  which  now  inhabits  California  waters.  This  is 
the  sole  representative  of  its  family  among  recent  fishes. 

Family  PLEURONECTID^ 

Evesthes  J.  Z.  Gilbert  (1910). 
(Type:  EVESTHES  JORDANI  Gilbert.) 

A  genus  of  flounders,  allied  to  HIPPOGLOSSINA  Steindachner  and 
EOPSETTA  Jordan  and  Goss,  with  fewer  vertebras  than  HIPPOGLOSSOIDES 
and  smaller  and  more  oblique  mouth. 

Eyes  normally  on  the  right  side ;  mouth  rather  large  and  very  oblique ; 
body  deep,  compressed,  the  depth  about  half  the  length.  Vertebrae  32  to 
36,  three  of  the  anterior  ones  having  very  large,  expanded  neural  spines 
curved  forwards ;  dorsal  rays  slender,  about  65  to  80  in  number.  Ventral 
fins  far  behind  eye ;  hypural  plate  of  many  united  slender  neural  and 
haemal  spines,  its  disk  strongly  striate. 

20.  Evesthes  jordani  Gilbert. 
(Plate  XXIV) 

A  fine  example  (No.  509),  &y%  inches  long.  Body  short  and  deep, 
with  short  body  cavity  and  very  large  head.  Head  2%  in  length ;  depth 
2  to  base  of  caudal ;  mouth  very  large,  the  jaws  equal,  straight,  the  max- 
illary 1%  in  head;  lower  jaw  with  strong,  sharp  teeth  subequal,  well 
spaced,  seemingly  in  a  single  row.  Vertebrae  rather  small,  more  elongate 
posteriorly,  the  number  10  -f-  22  =  32 ;  hypural  plate  strong ;  anterior 
neurals  directed  somewhat  forward ;  posterior  more  backward ;  inter- 
haemals  all  double,  about  as  long  as  haemals,  two  to  each  haemal  spine,  and 
attached  to  its  tip.  Vertebral  column  anteriorly  bowed  downward,  more 
than  in  type  of  E.  JORDANI.  Interhaemals  slender,  two  to  each  neural, 
as  usual  among  flounders. 

Eyes  probably  on  the  left  side,  there  being  no  trace  of  them  in  the  im- 
print, which  is  that  of  the  right  side ;  dorsal  fin  beginning  over  the  eye, 
the  fin  low  anteriorly,  becoming  higher  behind.  Body  region  very  short, 
21/0  in  head,  the  anal  beginning  almost  under  front. 

This  specimen  is  without  doubt  identical  with  EVESTHES  JORDANI,  de- 
scribed some  years  since,  from  Lompoc,  by  Dr.  J.  Z.  Gilbert.  The  genus 
EVESTHES,  as  Mr.  C.  L.  Hubbs  has  shown,  is  not  far  from  the  living  genus 
HIPPOGLOSSINA  Steindachner  of  tropical  America.  The  downward  curv- 
ing of  the  anterior  vertebrae  is  characteristic  of  both. 


38  FOSSIL    FISHES   OF    LOMPOC 

Another  example  (No.. 220),  7%  inches  long,  lacking  the  dorsal  re- 
gion, evidently  belongs  also  to  EVESTHES  JORDANI.  The  anal  fin  is  better 
preserved,  having  apparently  38  rays,  caudal  large,  rounded,  1%  in 
head,  of  about  eighteen  rays.  Pectoral  inserted  high,  about  2^4  in  head, 
ventral  and  scales  obliterated. 

A  well-preserved  example,  No.  510,  is  10y2  inches  long.  In  this 
specimen  the  three  expanded,  curved  neural  spines  shown  in  E.  HOOVERI 
are  plainly  evident,  though  less  marked  than  in  the  latter  species.  These 
show  faintly  in  No.  509,  but  cannot  be  made  out  on  the  original  type. 

The  vertebral  column  in  No.  510  is  not  at  all  decurved  anteriorly. 
Anal  rays  definitely  42 ;  vertebrae  32.  Pectoral  rays  16. 

The  hypural  plate  in  this  specimen  is  strongly  striate,  made  up  of 
many  coalescent  slender  neurals  and  hsemals.  This  structure  is  oblit- 
erated in  the  original  type  of  the  species. 

Still  another  example,  with  head  and  thoracic  region  only  (No.  296), 
shows  the  complete  pectoral  fin  of  about  13  rays,  2*4  in  head.  Eleven 
dorsal  vertebras  well  arched.  The  body  cavity  very  short,  2*4  in  head ; 
maxillary  half  head.  The  fish  was  about  as  large  as  the  others — the  part 
preserved  six  inches  long. 

Another  specimen  (No.  33)  shows  part  of  the  head  with  twenty-one 
vertebra;,  the  insertion  of  the  anal  being  about  under  the  tenth,  the  fins, 
interneurals  and  interhaemals  being  all  lost. 

No.  276  is  a  fragment  of  the  same  species. 

21.  Evesthes  hooveri  Jordan,  new  species. 
(Plate  XXVI) 

Type  No.  512,  9*4  inches  long,  in  a  fine  state  of  preservation.  Body 
deep,  the  head  2%  in  length,  the  depth  1%,  the  anterior  profile  even. 
Head  blunt,  as  deep  as  long ;  mouth  rather  large,  very  oblique,  the  maxil- 
lary extending  to  below  eye,  2%  in  head,  being  much  shorter  than  in 
EVESTHES  JORDANI.  Orbit  about  equal  to  snout,  5  in  head;  the  imprint 
being  on  the  left  side  of  the  fossil,  the  eye  was  on  the  right  side  of  the 
fish.  Interorbital  ridge  narrow,  a  somewhat  elevated  ridge.  Vertebral 
column  not  bent  downward  anteriorly,  the  vertebrae  35  in  number. 
Three  of  the  anterior  neural  spines  much  expanded,  curved  and  bent 
forward,  all  the  others  slender,  needle-like;  interneurals  all  short,  thin, 
hair-like,  placed  at  angles  with  the  neurals  and  much  more  numerous, 
2  to  4  in  each  interspace. 

Haemals  much  longer  than  neurals,  the  first  three  or  four  expanded 
and  joined  to  form  a  curve  or  "pelvic  bone"  about  the  belly,  extending  to 


EVESTHES  39 

front  of  anal;  several  of  those  farther  back  bifurcate,  each  bearing  sev- 
eral fine  interhsemals,  each  with  a  slender  ray  ;  vertebrae  smaller  behind  ; 
no  anal  spine. 

Dorsal  rays  about  75,  'the  fin  low,  beginning  over  the  eye;  the  rays 
all  very  slender,  the  short  anterior  ones  turned  forward  and  inserted 
much  before  the  enlarged  neurals  ;  ribs  few,  short,  hair-like.  Anal 
rays  about  57,  not  certainly  counted.  Ventrals  with  about  5  rays, 
inserted  far  behind  eye,  apparently  just  before  pectorals,  which  are  oblit- 
erated ;  caudal  peduncle  short.  Caudal  moderate,  rounded,  the  hypural 
as  in  EVESTHES,  made  up  of  slender  coalescent  neurals  and  haemals, 
the  surface,  therefore,  strongly  striate. 

The  species  is  named  for  Theodore  J.  Hoover,  Professor  of  Mining 
in  Stanford  University. 

Zororhombus  Jordan,  new  genus. 
(Type:  ZORORHOMBUS  VELIGER  Jordan.) 

A  near  ally  of  the  living  genus  BOTH  us  Rafinesque  (RHOMBUS 
Cuvier),  differing  in  the  excessively  high  dorsal  fin  and  rather  more  pos- 
terior insertion  of  the  ventrals. 

Form  broadly  and  regularly  elliptical,  the  depth  two-thirds  the  length 
to  base  of  caudal  ;  eyes  on  the  left  side,  mouth  large,  terminal,  with  coni- 
cal teeth.  Vertebrae  small,  deeper  than  long,  37  in  number.  Neurals 
strong,  two  interneurals,  each  supporting  a  ray  between  each  pair  ;  inter- 
haemals  similar,  the  anterior  very  oblique.  Dorsal  beginning  on  head, 
much  elevated  posteriorly,  the  longest  rays  two-thirds  length  of  head. 
Dorsal  rays  about  80  ;  anal  about  65  ;  ventral  separated  from  anal  and  ex- 
tended along  ridge  of  abdomen,  a  little  in  advance  of  pectorals,  the  rays 
6  or  7.  Caudal  separate  from  dorsal  and  anal,  the  peduncle  short. 
,  clear;  QouBog,  brill  or  turbot.) 


22.  Zororhombus  veliger  Jordan,  new  species. 

(Plate  XXVII) 

Type  No.  230.  A  flounder,  S1/^  inches  long,  fairly  perfect.  Head 
2%  in  length  to  base  of  caudal;  depth  iy2.  Body  very  deep,  broadly 
elliptical,  the  dorsal  and  ventral  outlines  corresponding.  Head  large,  its 
outline  regular  ;  mouth  large,  terminal,  the  lower  jaw  prominent.  The 
maxillary  a  little  more  than  half  head;  jaws  with  moderate,  conical  teeth, 
a  few  present  ;  opercle  moderate,  striate.  Vertebrae  rather  small,  about 
154-25  =  37  in  number,  rather  deeper  than  long,  moderately  grooved, 
each  with  a  strong,  straight  neural  spine,  about  a  fourth  of  depth  of  body, 
and  each  corresponding  to  a  pair  of  interneurals  of  about  the  same 
length,  each  of  which  in  turn  supports  a  dorsal  fin  ray.  Occasionally  a 


40  FOSSIL   FISHES   OF   LOMPOC 

third  interneural  is  interspersed.  The  dorsal  fin  begins  on  the  head  and 
is  greatly  elevated  posteriorly,  but  the  anterior  rays  are  short,  the  longest 
rays  iy2  in  head,  2%  in  depth  of  body,  last  rays  rapidly  shortened.  Anal 
quite  similar  to  dorsal,  with  long  interhaemals,  one  corresponding  to  each 
ray  and  two  to  each  of  the  strong,  long  haemals ;  posterior  part  of  anal 
similarly  elevated,  about  ll/2  in  head.  First  eight  or  ten  interhaemals  short- 
ened and  placed  very  obliquely;  ribs  almost  obliterated.  Body  cavity 
very  short,  2%  in  head,  the  first  haemal  and  interhaemal  enlarged,  forming 
together  a  sort  of  curved  pelvic  bone,  bounding  the  intestinal  cavity, 
as  described  by  Dr.  Giinther  in  PSETTA  MAXIMA.  No  anal  spine.  Dorsal 
rays  about  80  (76  +  ) ;  anal  rays  about  65 ;  ventral  rays,  6  or  7.  Ventral 
fin  small,  somewhat  in  advance  of  pectorals,  well  behind  eyes,  apparently 
extending  along  the  ridge  of  the  abdomen ;  well  separated  from  the  anal 
fin ;  pectoral  short,  broken,  of  about  13  rays.  Caudal  mostly  obliterated, 
the  dorsal  and  anal  crowding  it  closely.  Eyes  apparently  on  the  left  side. 
Several  small  patches  of  cycloid  scales  preserved,  much  like  those  of 
BOTHUS. 

To  all  appearance  this  species  is  an  ally  of  the  European  brill, 
BOTHUS  RHOMBUS  (L),  with  which  it  agrees  in  general  form,  in  num- 
ber of  vertebrae,  and  in  the  number  of  fin  rays.  It  differs,  however,  nota- 
bly in  the  great  elevation  of  the  vertical  fins.  The  character  of  the 
gill  rakers  and  lateral  line  cannot  be  ascertained.  We  may  apparently 
distinguish  the  genus  ZORORHOMBUS  from  the  European  genus  BOTHUS 
Rafinesque  (RHOMBUS  Cuvier)  by  the  high,  sail-like  dorsal  fin. 

No.  21.  A  flounder,  81/0  inches  long.  Back  bone  with  36  vertebra, 
some  lost ;  dorsal  beginning  at  the  head,  depth  nearly  or  quite  half  length 
at  head.  Vertebral  column  bent  upward  at  first ;  36  vertebras  present,  one 
or  two  lost.  Dorsal  low  anteriorly,  even,  beginning  on  front  of  head, 
much  elevated;  26  rays  over  first  12  vertebrae.  Other  fins  mostly  de- 
stroyed. Neurals  strong;  interneurals  divided  from  below  for  most 
of  their  length. 

This  is  evidently  same  as  the  type  of  ZORORHOMBUS  VELIGER. 

23.  Diatomoeca  zatima  Jordan  and  Gilbert. 

(Plate  XIX) 

The  original  type  of  this  species,  No.  336  (CXXXIII),  is  a  fine  speci- 
men from  Lompoc,  on  a  slab  unfortunately  cut  off  at  both  ends  for  com- 
mercial purposes.  The  part  preserved  is  7  inches  long,  the  whole  fish 
about  14. 

There  are,  in  general,  two  interneurals  between  each  pair  of  neurals, 
each  interneural  corresponding  to  a  fin  ray;  the  same  adjustment  holds 


ZORORHOMBUS  41 

in  regard  to  the  anal  fin.  The  vertebrae  are  very  large  and  strong  for  a 
flounder,  deeper  than  long,  with  a  rough  surface  but  not  grooved;  the 
neural  and  haemal  spines  are  very  long  and  strong;  the  interneurals  very 
much  shorter  and  weaker  than  in  ZORORHOMBUS. 

Family  BROTULID^. 

24.  Eclipes  veternus  Jordan  and  Gilbert. 
(  MERRIAMINA  ECTENES  Jordan  and  Gilbert.) 

A  specimen  (No.  190)  4  inches  long,  the  head  fairly  preserved,  snout 
pointed;  jaws  oblique,  straight,  the  lower  probably  the  longer;  eye  large, 
as  long  as  snout,  3^  in  head,  crossed  by  a  narrow  process,  the  inter- 
orbital  shelf ;  maxillary  more  than  half  head,  reaching  beyond  the  mid- 
dle of  eye ;  bones  of  head  entire ;  head  almost  exactly  that  of  the 
specimen  figured  by  us  as  ECLIPES  VETERNUS;  vertebrae  about  34,  with 
a  few  lost,  probably  about  40  in  all,  rather  slender,  hour-glass  shaped,  those 
posteriorly  more  elongate  and  smaller,  the  anterior  rather  strong  with 
strong  neural  and  haemal  spines :  pectorals  placed  high,  their  tips  broken ; 
dorsal  beginning  not  far  behind  pectorals,  the  rays  all  soft  and  close  set, 
the  fin  highest  posteriorly  where  its  rays  are  more  than  half  head ;  caudal 
and  last  vertebrae  lost;  a  trace  of  ventrals  before  pectoral;  anal  similar 
to  dorsal,  but  only  half  as  long,  the  last  rays  almost  equally  high. 

The  body  of  this  fish  agrees  fully  with  our  specimens  of  MERRIAMINA 
ECTENES,  the  head  is  equally  evidently  that  of  ECLIPES  VETERNUS,  the  two 
forms,  which  at  first  seemed  wholly  unlike,  being  apparently  one  and  the 
same  species.  What  appeared  in  ECLIPES  to  be  the  large  forked  caudal  is 
really  the  elevated  posterior  rays  of  the  dorsal  and  anal  fins,  beyond  which 
the  vertebrae  plainly  extend  in  No.  190,  ending  in  the  type  (No.  XIII)  of 
MERRIAMINA,  with  a  narrow,  truncate  caudal  fin.  The  species  belongs 
apparently  to  the  BROTULID^E.  Unfortunately  the  name  ECLIPES  has 
page  priority  over  MERRIAMINA. 

A  small  example  with  more  perfect  head  (No.  40),  but  lacking  most 
of  the  body,  shows  the  head  long,  with  oblique  gape  and  long,  straight 
jaws,  the  maxillary  1%  in  head. 

No.  54  is  another  imperfect  specimen. 

Family  (uncertain) 

Atkinsonella  strigilis  Jordan,  new  genus  and  species 
A  fossil  (No.  511)  was  provisionally  referred  by  us  to  LOMPOCHITES 
HOPKINSI-     Renewed  examination,  however,  shows  its  distinctness,  the 
body  being  covered  with  small  scales  of  very  peculiar  form,  a  character 


42  FOSSIL    FISHES    OF    LOMPOC 

which  distinguishes  the  new  genus  ATKINSONELLA,  of  uncertain  relation- 
ship. It  is  named  for  William  Sackston  Atkinson,  natural  history  artist 
of  Stanford  University,  in  recognition  of  his  interest  in  restorations  of 
these  ancient  fossils.  The  type  of  the  species  (No.  511)  is  9y2  inches 
long  (in  life  about  13).  The  head  is  crushed,  and  the  anal  and  caudal 
fins  destroyed :  otherwise  the  specimen  is  in  good  condition. 

Head  about  4  in  length  to  base  of  caudal ;  depth  about  4%.  Ver- 
tebrae longer  longer  than  deep,  rather  smooth,  each  mesially  constricted 
and  with  two  ridges  and  three  grooves ;  the  number  probably  24  ( 16 
preserved).  Neural  spines  moderate,  directed  upward  and  backward, 
the  anterior  more  curved  and  directed  more  backward;  ribs  strong. 

Dorsal  fin  nearly  continuous,  the  rays  about  IX,  17,  not  certainly 
counted ;  first  part  of  8  to  10  slender  spines,  the  third  longest  somewhat 
more  than  depth  of  body ;  the  others  progressively  shorter ;  soft  rays 
long,  and  apparently  all  short ;  pectoral  fin  rather  short,  acute ;  the  upper 
rays  longest,  about  3  times  in  depth  of  body.  Ventrals  inserted  just  be- 
hind them;  the  fin,  if  correctly  interpreted,  a  little  longer  than  the  pec- 
torals and  of  about  8  slender  rays.  Unfortunately  this  very  exceptional 
character  is  uncertain — as  the  fin  as  preserved  may  be  a  misplaced  fin, 
possibly  a  pectoral  from  the  other  side. 

Scales  small,  of  unique  form,  largest  on  the  thorax,  and  rather  loosely 
attached,  being  scattered  in  the  matrix  about  the  fish.  Each  scale  is 
rounded  in  form,  with  entire  edges,  but  marked  by  6  to  9  sharp  ridges 
which  diverge  forward  and  upward,  about  100  in  a  lengthwise  series. 


QUJESITA  43 

ADDENDUM 

Family  DUSSUMIERIID^E 

We  may  here  insert  two  fossil  species  just  received  as  these  pages 
pass  through  the  press. 

Quaesita  alhambrae  Jordan  and  Gilbert. 
(Plate  XXVIII) 

Type  No.  198.  A  minute  fish  but  three-fourths  of  an  inch  long,  from 
a  Miocene  outcrop  of  diatomaceous  shale  near  Alhamfora,  Los  Angeles 
County,  California,  presented  by  Mr.  George  E.  Malcolm.  The  head, 
dorsal  fin  and  spinal  column  are  fairly  preserved.  . 

Body  fusiform,  elongate.  General  shape  of  QILESITA,  rather  heavier 
at  the  nape,  decreasing  rather  rapidly  backward.  Head  large,  2.6  in 
length  to  base  of  caudal,  its  depth  4^  times  in  length,  depth  at  nape 
about  5  in  length  of  body;  eye  obliterated,  the  interorbital  shelf  strong; 
mouth  rather  short,  oblique,  the  lower  jaw  projecting,  reaching  front  of 
orbit;  maxillary  about  4j^  in  head;  no  teeth  evident;  opercle  rounded, 
with  five  or  six  strong  striae,  radiating  from  above ;  preopercle  narrow ; 
cheeks  broad. 

Vertebrae  large,  about  30  in  all,  the  number  uncertain,  as  in  part 
they  are  rather  vaguely  defined;  each  is  apparently  deeper  than  long, 
their  strength  well  maintained  backward;  the  vertebrae  are  peculiarly 
formed,  looking  like  a  succession  of  cross-plates,  each  crossed  by  a  me- 
dian notch;  neurals  and  haemals  obliterated;  ribs  slender;  no  trace  of 
interneurals ;  hypural  plate  obliterated ;  caudal  split,  widely  forked,  its 
lobes  4  in  length  of  body;  %  in  head;  about  16  rays  in  each  lobe,  the 
lobes  acuminate.  Dorsal  inserted  just  behind  middle  of  body,  opposite 
twelfth  vertebra,  6  to  8  rays  visible ;  trace  of  ventrals  just  below  it ;  anal 
mostly  obliterated,  with  traces  of  about  12  rays.  No  scales  preserved. 
This  fish  seems  allied  to  QILESITA  and  other  genera  referred  to  the 
DUSSUMIERIHXE,  but  the  large  vertebrae,  deeper  than  long  and  less  than 
35  in  number,  may  distinguish  it  generically  from  all  the  other  fishes  of 
this  group.  For  the  present  we  treat  it  as  a  second  species  of  QU^SITA. 

Quaesita  fragilis  Jordan  and  Gilbert,  new  species. 

Type  No.  110,  a  smallish,  one  and  a  half  inches  long,  from  the  San 
Pedro  Hills,  one  mile  west  of  "Wilmington  Road"  station  on  Pacific  Elec- 
tric Railway  from  Los  Angeles  to  San  Pedro. 

Head  2%  in  length,  depth  at  dorsal  Sl/2  times  in  length,  eye  3y2  in 


44  FOSSIL    FISHES   OF  LOMPOC 

head,  snout  3l/2,  head  large,  its  depth  not  less  than  that  of  body  at  dorsal, 
orbital  region  crossed  by  a  marked  interorbital  shelf.  Dorsal  rays  10, 
anal  10  to  12 ;  vertebrae  20  -f-  14  =  34.  Opercle  well  developed,  broadly 
rounded.  Vertebras  strong,  longer  than  deep,  maintaining  their  strength 
well  backward,  nine  or  ten  before  the  dorsal.  Neurals  and  haemals 
strongly  developed  in  the  caudal  region,  but  obliterated  anteriorly.  Hy- 
pural  plate  obscure.  Head  and  mouth  large,  jaws  subequal,  the  mandible 
reaching  to  opposite  the  eye.  Dorsal  fin  relatively  large,  opposite  the 
moderate  ventrals,  its  insertion  very  slightly  behind  the  middle  of  dis- 
tance from  front  of  eye  to  base  of  caudal ;  pectorals  narrow,  slender,  in- 
serted low  as  in  other  herring-like  fish ;  ventrals  shorter  than  pectorals, 
the  number  of  rays  indistinct;  anal  longer  and  lower  than  the  dorsal, 
its  rays  more  numerous ;  caudal  broadly  forked,  its  lobes  long,  subequal. 
a  little  greater  than  depth  of  body,  one  and  one-fifth  times  in  head. 

This  little  fish  is  certainly  congeneric  with  QU.ESITA  QUISQUILIA,  de- 
scribed and  figured  by  us  from  Miocene  shales  at  El  Modena,  California, 
in  our  Fossil  Fishes  of  Southern  California,  Plate  XVII.  It  differs  in  the 
rather  stouter  form  and  fewer  vertebrae.  In  Q.  QUISQUILIA  we  find  38 
vertebrae,  13  before  dorsal.  QU^ESITA  ALHAMBR^E,  above  described,  has 
the  head  more  depressed,  the  insertion  of  the  dorsal  fin  much  farther  back 
than  in  Q.  QUISQUILIA,  and  the  vertebrae  apparently  31.  In  most  respects 
it  is  very  similar. 

This  example  is  from  a  diatomaceous  shale  lying  just  above  a  Mio- 
cene ledge.  Its  age  is  almost  certainly  Pliocene.  As  to  the  locality. 
Dr.  Gilbert  writes  that  the  fish  was  secured  while  on  a  trip  with  Mr. 
Robert  Hastings  Palmer  of  Stanford.  The  reason  why  he  places  it  as 
Pliocene  is  because  in  Los  Angeles  city  he  finds  a  division  line  which 
is  likely  between  the  upper  Miocene  and  lower  Pliocene,  and  this  outcrop 
has  certain  clams  in  abundance  at  this  particular  horizon,  similar  to  those 
at  San  Pedro.  The  superimposed  layers  of  Pliocene  lie  unconformable 
to  the  stratum  in  question. 


SUPPLEMENTARY    NOTE,    PAGE    13 

Thyrsocles  and  Thyrsion  (page  13). 

Just  as  these  pages  leave  the  press,  Mr.  Edward  J.  Porteous  of 
Lompoc  has  sent  to  Stanford  University  a  large  and  perfect  example 
(Xo.  505:  22i/2  inches  long)  of  the  fish  we  have  called  THYRSOCLES 
ESCHARION.  This  has  the  long  jaws  and  crowded  conical  teeth  of 
THYRSION  VELOX.  The  two  species  are  in  fact  identical,  and  THYRSION 
seems  to  be  an  exact  synonym  of  THYRSOCLES.  The  name  VELOX  has  page 
priority  and  the  species  (if  distinct  from  T.  KRIEGERI)  becomes  THYR- 
SOCLES VELOX.  THYRSOCLES  mentioned  on  page  7  was  first  associated  with 
a  known  species. 

THYRSOCLES,  with  the  neural  structures  of  SCOMBEROMORUS  (oblit- 
erated on  plate  IX,),  is  widely  separated  by  the  long  jaws  and  close-set 
conical  teeth. 

ZAPH LEGES  agrees  with  it  in  almost  all  regards,  but  has  scales  larger 
than  in  any  known  mackerel.  We  have  found  no  scales  in  THYRSOCLES, 
but  the  two  genera  may  prove  identical.  ZAPH  LEGES  certainly  belongs 
also  to  the  SCOMBRID.E. 

PLECTRITES  (page  28)  ;  an  additional  example  shows  the  sides  of  the 
jaws  beset  with  molar  teeth,  as  in  LAGODON.  PLECTRITKS  is  probably  a 
synonym  of  RHYTHMIAS,  the  plectroid  spine  probably  obliterated  in  the 
type  of  R.  STARRII. 

Lo: MPOCHITES  (page  30)  is  not  related  to  LOMPOQUIA.  It  is  nearer 
some  of  the  CARANGID^E,  perhaps  to  ELAGATIS. 

DIATOMOZCA  (page  40)  certainly  cannot  belong  to  the  PLEURONECTI- 
D.K.  Xo  flounder  has  its  peculiar  arrangement  of  ribs  and  interh;emals. 
We  find  as  yet  nothing  like  it,  except  perhaps  in  LAMPRIS. 

ECLIPES  (page  41)  belongs  to  the  GADID.E  or  perhaps  AlK 
It  cannot  be  a  BROTULID. 


PLATES 


PLATE  1. 
XYNE  (;REX  Jordan  &  Gilbert ;  No.  116  (.sl'«'»l'y  reduced) 


PLATE  I\-. 
XVXK  K.TCKK,  Jordan  &  Gilbert:   type  Xo.   167   (natural   sizcj. 


--^O:^ 

'-  -SSfcf :  ^  f 


PLATE  \". 
XVNE  FITGERI  Jordan  &  Gilbert;  No.  26   (natural  size). 


PLATE  VI. 
TURIO  WILBURI  Jordan  &  Gilbert;  type  No.  49-A  (somewhat  reduced). 


PLATE  VII. 
TURIO  WILBURI  Jordan  &  Gilbert;  No.  178. 


PLATE  ViU. 
THYRSION  VF.I.OX  Jordan;  type  No.  153    (slightly  reduced). 


-^.          v- 


PLATE  IX. 
THYRSIOX  VELOX  Jordan:  No.  127  (reduced  one-half). 


PLATE  X. 
OCYSTIAS  SAGITTA  Jordan;  type  No.  20. (reduced  to  about  one-third). 


PLATE  XI. 
THYRSOCLES  KRIKGERI  Jordan  &  Gilbert;  No.  303  (reduced  to  two-fifths) 


PLATE  XII. 
TIIVRSOU.KS  KRII-<;I-:«I  Jordan  &  Gilbert;  No.  306  (reduced  to  aliuiil  one-lliirdi. 


PLATE  X11I. 

ZAPHLEGES  LONGURIO  Jordan;  No.  100  (reduced  to  about  two-fifths  length)  ;  ventral 
fin  obscured  in  the  plate. 


c 

-"  •:••&..--'"' 


PLATE  XIV. 
AR.KOSTEUS  ROTHI  Jordan  &  Gilbert;  type  No.  315    (two-thirds  natural  size). 


PLATE  XV. 
KMM.UIMCKE  RIIAUIITES  Jordan  &  Gilbert;  type  No.  cxt.in   (natural  size). 


PLATE  XVI. 

EMMACH^RE  RHACHITES  Jordan  &  Gilbert;  No.  220   (reduced  to  about 

size). 


PLATE  XV11. 
RHYTHMIAS  STARRII  Jordan  &  Gilbert;  type  No.  175  (slightly  reduced). 


PLATE  XVIII. 
PLECIRITES  CLASSEXI  Jordan  &  Gilbert;   type  No.  31.5    (slightly  reduced  } 


PLATE  XIX. 

LOMPOQUIA  RETROPES  Jordan  &  Gilbert;  type  cxxxix  (slightly  reduced). 
HEXAGRAMMOS  ACHRESTUS  Jordan  &  Gilbert;  type  CXL. 
D]\TOM(ECA  ZATIMA  Jordan  &  Gilbert;  type  cxxxm. 


mr^"~    - 
> 


S^%      . 

:-:--rJ^      S%' 


PLATE  XX. 

LOMPOCHITES  HOPKIXSI  Jordan  &  Gilbert:  type  No.  301   (reduced  two-thirds  natural 

size). 


PLATE  XXI. 

KIXAFOR  wmnousi   Jordan  &•  Gilbert;  type   No.  300    (one-third  size);  second  anal 
spine  broken. 


m 

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• 

<i-v  •  '-£?^r  ~v  •  .          %  V"A  ' 
'~o^^ 


*"*' 


\:t^v  .  ; 


PLATE  XXII. 
RIXATOR  INEZI.E  Jordan  &  Gilbert  (young)  ;  No.  243  (slightly  reduced). 


PLATE  XXIII. 

Figure  1.     RIXATOR   PORTEOUSI    Jordan   &   Gilbert    (young)  ;     No.   246     (two-thirds 

natural  size). 
Figure  2.     RI.NATOR  INEZI^E  Jordan;   type  145-B    (two-thirds  natural  size). 


'**-•  jf     ;.-v~"    v\  f 
r  .^    •'  '^^"'^^^^        •>  ^    - 

-• 

7.W^r**'.<**s*sr  . 

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~^'"'  "t-A?^      \  ">  --          V 

r  "~W-  ^^ssntV'X  v— 

k        ';,  /- 


PLATE  XXI\  . 
OZYMANDIAS  GILBERTI  Jordan;  No.  13  (reduced  about  half)  ;  identification  uncertain. 


PLATE  XXV. 
EVESTHES 'JORDAN'!  Gilbert;  No.  509  (three-fifths  natural  size). 


PLATE  XXVIII. 
SITA  ALHAMBR/E  Jordan  &  Gilbert ;  type  No.  198  (four  times  natural  size). 


PLATE  XXIX. 


XKI.OSIS    M.M,i.F.Y.    Ionian  &  Gilbert;  type   No.   xxxv.  "CLL-PKA    HA....F.YI."   from    Kl 
Modena   (slightly  reduced)  ;  the  small  ventral  tins  plainly  evident   in  th 


are  harelv  indicated  on  the  plate. 


UNIVERSITY  SERIES 

THE  SESAMOID  ARTICULAR:  A  BONE  IN  THE  MANDIELE  OF  FISHES.  Edwin  Chapin 
Starks,  Assistant  Professor  of  Zoology.  40  pp.,  15  text  figures.  1916 
Price  50c. 

A  STUDY  OF  GERMAN  VERBS  COMPOUNDED  WITH  AUS,  EIN,  ETC.,  AS  CONTRASTED  WITH 

THOSE    COMPOUNDED    WITH     HERAUS,     HiNAUS,     HEREIN,    HINEIN,    ETC.       Charles 

Reining,  Instructor  in  German.    142  pp.     1916.     Price  $1.00. 

THE  PATHOLOGY  OF  NEPHRITIS.  William  Ophiils,  Professor  of  Pathology  103  DO 
64  text  figures  and  plates.  1916.  Price  $1.00. 

BONE  AND  JOINT  STUDIES,  I.  Leonard  W.  Ely,  Associate  Professor  of  Surgery,  and 
John  Francis  Cowan,  Assistant  Professor  of  Surgery.  139  pp.,  41  text 
figures  and  plates.  1916.  Price  $1.00. 

A  STUDY  OF  THE  MAGMATIC  SULFID  ORES.  C.  F.  Tolman,  Jr.,  Associate  Professor 
of  Economic  Geology,  and  Austin  F.  Rogers,  Associate  Professor  of  Mineral- 
ogy and  Petrography.  76  pp.,  7  text  figures,  20  plates.  1916.  Price  $1.00. 

THI:  GENERA  OF  FISHES,  FROM  LINN^US  TO  CUVIER,  1758  TO  1833  (SEVENTY- FIVE 
YEARS),  WITH  THE  ACCEPTED  TYPE  OF  EACH.  David  S  arr  Jordan,  Chancellor 
Emeritus.  161  pp.  1917.  Price  $1.00. 

THE  USE  OF  YE  IN  THE  FUNCTION  OF  THOU  IN  MIDDLE  ENGLISH  LITERATURE  FROM 
MS.  AUCHINLECK  TO  MS.  VERNON.  Russell  Osborne  Stidston,  late  Acting 
Instructor  in  English.  95  pp.  1917..  Price  75c. 

LMER^ON  :  A  STATEMENT  OF  NEW  ENGLAND  TRANSCENDENTALISM  AS  EXPRESSED  IN 
THE  PHILOSOPHY  OF  ITS  CHIEF  E  ~ONENT.  Henry  David  Gray,  Associate  Pro- 
fessor of  English.  110  pp.  1917.  Price  75c. 

THE  NEO-CLASSIC  MOVEMENT  IN  SPAIN  DURING  THE  Xvm  CENTURY.  Robert  E. 
Pellissier,  late  Assistant  Professor  of  Romanic  Languages.  187  pp.  1918. 
Price  $1.00. 

THE  ORIGINAL  VERSION  OF  "LOVE'S  LABOUR'S  LOST,"  WITH  A  CONJECTURE  AS  TO 
"LOVE'S  LABOUR'S  WON."  Henry  David  Gray,  Associate  Professor  of  Eng- 
lish. 55  pp.  1918.  Price  75c. 

THE  CALIFORNIA  SPECIES  OF  MEALY  BUGS.  Gordon  Floyd  Ferris,  Instructor  in 
Entomology.  78  pp.,  16  text  figures,  3  plates.  1918.  Price  $1.00. 

LIBERAL  AND  VOCATIONAL  STUDIES  IN  THE  COLLEGE.  Henry  Waldgrave  Stuart,  Pro- 
fessor of  Philosophy.  72  pp.  1918.  Price  75c. 

THE  DERIVATION  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  HAWAII.  Douglas  Houghton  Campbell,  Pro- 
fessor of  Botany.  '4  pp.  1919.  Price  50c. 

A  CONTRIBUTION  TO  THE  KNOWLEDGE  OF  THE  COCCIDAE  OF  SOUTHWESTERN  UNITED 
STATES  Gordon  Floyd  Ferris,  Instructor  in  Entomology.  66  pp..  38  text 
figures.  1919.  Price  $1.00. 

THI:  GENERA  OF  FISHES,  PART  II,  FROM  AGASSIZ  TO  BLEEKER,  1833  TO  1858  (TWENTY- 
SIX  YEARS),  WITH  THE  ACCEPTED  TYPE  OF  EACH.  David  Starr  Jordan,  Chancellor 
Emeritus.  Pp.  163-284,  with  Index.  1919.  Price  $1.00. 

THE  ELECTRICAL  CHARGES  OF  ATOMS  AND  IONS.  Fernando  Sanford,  Professor  of 
Physics.  130  pp.  1919.  Price  $1.00. 

FOSSIL  FISHES  OF  SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA.  David  Starr  Jordan  and  James  Zaccheus 
Gilbert.  64  pp.  and  31  plates.  1919.  Price  $1.00. 

THE  GENERA  OF  FISHES,  PART  III,  FROM  GUNTHER  TO  GILL,  1859  TO  1880  (TWENTY- 
TWO  YEARS),  WITH  THE  ACCEPTED  TYPE  OF  EACH.  David  Starr  Jordan,  Chan- 
cellor Emeritus.  Pp.  285-408,  with  index.  1919.  Price  $1.00. 

STUDIES  IN  ICHTHYOLOGY,  A  MONOGRAPHIC  REVIEW  OF  THE  FAMILY  OF  ATHERINIDAE  OR 
SILVERSIDES.  David  Starr  Jordan  and  Carl  Leavitt  Hubbs.  87  pp.  and  12 
pp.  plates.  1919.  Price  $1.00. 

CONTRIBUTIONS  TOWARD  A  MONOGRAPH  OF  THE  SUCKING  LICE,  PART  I.  Gordon  Floyd 
Ferris,  Instructor  in  Entomology.  51  pp.,  32  text  figures.  1919.  Price  $1.00. 

FOSSIL  FISHES  OF  DIATOM  BEDS  OF  LOMPOC,  CALIFORNIA.  David  Starr  Jordan  and 
James  Zaccheus  Gilbert.  45  pp.  and  29  pp.  plates.  1920.  Price  $1.00. 


OF  CALJFORNT 


.UC  SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 

mmmi. 

AA    000958685    o 


7 


